نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 استاد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
3 دانشیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
چکیده
مقدمه: دوره سالمندی یک پدیده طبیعی است که با کاهش فعالیت بدنی و بروز پدیدهای بنام سارکوپنی همراه است، بر این اساس هدف از پژوهش حاضر سنجش اثر تمرین مقاومتی- استقامتی بر بیان ژنهای مسیر (IGF-1, Akt, p70s6k) عضله دوقلوی رتهای سالمند بود.
مواد و روشها: در این مطالعه تجربی 14 رت نر سالمند از نژاد ویستارِ 22 الی 24 ماهه، به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل و تمرین مقاومتی- استقامتی تقسیم شدند. تمرین ورزشی به مدت 10 هفته، سه جلسه در هفته انجام شد. جهت تعیین میزان بیان ژنهای مسیر IGF-1, Akt, p70s6k از روش کمی real- time PCR و جهت تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آزمون تی مستقل استفاده شد.
یافتهها: گروه تمرین مقاومتی- استقامتی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، پس از 10 هفته تمرین مقاومتی- استقامتی افزایش معنیدار در بیان ژن IGF-1 (P=0.003) ،Akt (P=0/019) و p70s6k (P=0/004) مشاهده شد.
نتیجهگیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تمرینات مقاومتی-استقامتی احتمالاً بیان ژنهای مسیر IGF-1, Akt, p70s6k را در موشهای مسن افزایش میدهد. فعال شدن مسیر انتقال سیگنال Akt /p70s6k تا حدی توسط پاسخ اتوکرین/پاراکرین با واسطه IGF-1 القاشده که در نهایت منجر به هایپرتروفی عضلانی میشود و میتواند اثرات مشابهی بر روی انسان داشته باشد، بنابراین، پیشنهاد میشود تحقیقات بیشتری بر روی نمونههای انسانی انجام شود.
تازه های تحقیق
Maryam Pahlevanzadeh (Google Scholar)
Ramin Shabani (Google Scholar)
کلیدواژهها
- Wilkinson DJ, Piasecki M, Atherton PJ. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;47:123-32.
- Mitchell WK, Williams J, Atherton P, Larvin M, Lund J, Narici M. Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Front Physiol. 2012;3:260.
- Yamada M, Moriguch Y, Mitani T, Aoyama T, Arai H. Age-dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area in Japanese adults from 40 to 79 years-of-age. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2014;14 Suppl 1:8-14.
- Papadopoulou SK. Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations. Nutrients. 2020;12(5).
- Aghali A, Koloko Ngassie ML, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Cellular Senescence in Aging Lungs and Diseases. Cells. 2022;11(11).
- Naruse M, Trappe S, Trappe TA. Human skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging: a comprehensive review. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023;134(4):900-14.
- Esquenazi A. Falls and fractures in older post-stroke patients with spasticity: consequences and drug treatment considerations. Clin Geriatr. 2004;12(8):27-35.
- Philippou A, Maridaki M, Halapas A, Koutsilieris M. The role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in skeletal muscle physiology. in vivo. 2007;21(1):45-54.
- Yoshida T, Delafontaine P. Mechanisms of IGF-1-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy. Cells. 2020;9(9).
- Giovannini S, Marzetti E, Borst SE, Leeuwenburgh C. Modulation of GH/IGF-1 axis: potential strategies to counteract sarcopenia in older adults. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008;129(10):593-601.
- Godfrey RJ, Madgwick Z, Whyte GP. The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports Med. 2003;33(8):599-613.
- Barclay RD, Burd NA, Tyler C, Tillin NA, Mackenzie RW. The Role of the IGF-1 Signaling Cascade in Muscle Protein Synthesis and Anabolic Resistance in Aging Skeletal Muscle. Front Nutr. 2019;6:146.
- Sandri M, Barberi L, Bijlsma AY, Blaauw B, Dyar KA, Milan G, et al. Signalling pathways regulating muscle mass in ageing skeletal muscle: the role of the IGF1-Akt-mTOR-FoxO pathway. Biogerontology. 2013;14(3):303-23.
- Schiaffino S, Mammucari C. Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models. Skelet Muscle. 2011;1(1):4.
- Magnuson B, Ekim B, Fingar DC. Regulation and function of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) within mTOR signalling networks. Biochem J. 2012;441(1):1-21.
- Meyuhas O. Ribosomal Protein S6 Phosphorylation: Four Decades of Research. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2015;320:41-73.
- Bortz WM, 2nd. A conceptual framework of frailty: a review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(5):M283-8.
- Mokhbatly AAA, Farid AS. Hemato-biochemical alterations and antioxidant status during drug-induced thyroid dysfunction in Wister rats. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal. 2021;40(1):52-7.
- Kwon JH, Moon KM, Min KW. Exercise-Induced Myokines can Explain the Importance of Physical Activity in the Elderly: An Overview. Healthcare (Basel). 2020;8(4).
- Anton SD, Hida A, Mankowski R, Layne A, Solberg LM, Mainous AG, et al. Nutrition and Exercise in Sarcopenia. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2018;19(7):649-67.
- Mende E, Moeinnia N, Schaller N, Weiss M, Haller B, Halle M, et al. Progressive machine-based resistance training for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the oldest old: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2022;163:111767.
- Tucker WJ, Haykowsky MJ, Seo Y, Stehling E, Forman DE. Impaired Exercise Tolerance in Heart Failure: Role of Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Function. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2018;15(6):323-31.
- Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation. Cell Metab. 2013;17(2):162-84.
- Foure A, Gondin J. Skeletal Muscle Damage Produced by Electrically Evoked Muscle Contractions. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2021;49(1):59-65.
- LeMura LM, von Duvillard SP, Andreacci J, Klebez JM, Chelland SA, Russo J. Lipid and lipoprotein profiles, cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and diet during and after resistance, aerobic and combination training in young women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;82(5-6):451-8.
- Seo DI, Jun TW, Park KS, Chang H, So WY, Song W. 12 weeks of combined exercise is better than aerobic exercise for increasing growth hormone in middle-aged women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(1):21-6.
- Coffey VG, Jemiolo B, Edge J, Garnham AP, Trappe SW, Hawley JA. Effect of consecutive repeated sprint and resistance exercise bouts on acute adaptive responses in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009;297(5):R1441-51.
- Tofighi A, Jalali Dehkordi A, Tartibian B, Fatholahi Shourabeh F, Sinaei M. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training on secretion of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in elderly women. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2012;30(184).
- Copeland JL, Consitt LA, Tremblay MS. Hormonal responses to endurance and resistance exercise in females aged 19-69 years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(4):B158-65.
- Ha MS, Son WM. Combined exercise is a modality for improving insulin resistance and aging-related hormone biomarkers in elderly Korean women. Exp Gerontol. 2018;114:13-8.
- Su J, Geng J, Bao J, Tang Y, Liu M, Yu H, et al. Two ghrelin receptor agonists for adults with malnutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):97.
- Faramarzi M, Bagheri L, Bani Talebi E, Rigi A. Effect of different sequence of combined strength and endurance training on resting levels of IL-15 and IGF-1 in elderly women. Applied Sports Physiology Research. 2016;12(24):37-48. [Persian].
- Bagheri L, Faramarzi M, Bani Talebi E, Azamiyan Jazi A. The effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the ratio of growth hormone to insulin-like growth factor in the serum of elderly women. Physiology of Exercise and Physical Activity Journal. 2015;8(2):1249-56. [Persian].
- Lai PF, Baskaran R, Kuo CH, Day CH, Chen RJ, Ho TJ, et al. Bioactive dipeptide from potato protein hydrolysate combined with swimming exercise prevents high fat diet induced hepatocyte apoptosis by activating PI3K/Akt in SAMP8 mouse. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(3):2629-37.
- Clarkson AN, Parker K, Nilsson M, Walker FR, Gowing EK. Combined ampakine and BDNF treatments enhance poststroke functional recovery in aged mice via Akt-CREB signaling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;35(8):1272-9.
- Gholambar F, Abed Natanzi H, Gholami M, Ghazaliyan F. Comparison of the effect of an aerobic and resistance training course on some metalloproteins affecting cardiac fibrosis in elderly rats. Journal of Plasma and Biomarkers. 2022;4(60):49-64. [Persian].
- Xia Z, Cholewa JM, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Shang H, Jiang H, et al. A potential strategy for counteracting age-related sarcopenia: preliminary evidence of combined exercise training and leucine supplementation. Food Funct. 2017;8(12):4528-38.
- Ranjbar K, Zarrinkalam E, Soleimani Asl S, Salehi I, Taheri M, Komaki A. The effect of different exercise training modes on dentate gyrus neurodegeneration and synaptic plasticity in morphine-dependent rats. Neurochem Int. 2022;155:105304.
- Zarrinkalam E, Heidarianpour A, Salehi I, Ranjbar K, Komaki A. Effects of endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise on learning and memory after morphine withdrawal in rats. Life Sci. 2016;157:19-24.
- Rech A, Radaelli R, De Assis AM, Fernandes JR, Longoni A, Vozari-Hampe MM, et al. The effects of strength, aerobic, and concurrent exercise on skeletal muscle damage in rats. Muscle Nerve. 2014;50(1):79-86.
- Leandro CG, Levada AC, Hirabara SM, Manhaes-de-Castro R, De-Castro CB, Curi R, et al. A program of moderate physical training for Wistar rats based on maximal oxygen consumption. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):751-6.
- Verboven M, Cuypers A, Deluyker D, Lambrichts I, Eijnde BO, Hansen D, et al. High intensity training improves cardiac function in healthy rats. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5612.
- Scheffer DL, Silva LA, Tromm CB, da Rosa GL, Silveira PC, de Souza CT, et al. Impact of different resistance training protocols on muscular oxidative stress parameters. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(6):1239-46.
- Tejeda-Munoz N, Robles-Flores M. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in Wnt signaling pathway and cancer. IUBMB Life. 2015;67(12):914-22.