نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دکتری، گروه زیست شناسی سلولی مولکولی و میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری های زیستی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زیست شناسی سلولی مولکولی و میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فناوری های زیستی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه ژنتیک جانوری، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

4 استاد، گروه نورولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مالتیپل اسکلروزیس (ام . اس) یک بیماری خود ایمنی در سامانه عصبی مرکزی است که سامانه ایمنی سلول‎های طبیعی بدن را تخریب می‎کند و منجر به عملکرد غیر نرمال پیشرونده عصبی می‎شود .اصطلاح ام . اس به پلاک‎هایی که در ماده‎ی سفید مغز و طناب نخاعی بیماران ام . اس دیده می‎شود، اطلاق می‎گردد. تخریب سلول‎های عصبی مغز می‎‎تواند باعث ظهور علائم بسیاری در بیماران ام . اس شامل خستگی، تاری دید در یک چشم، بی حسی یا مور مور شدن بخشی از بدن، ضعف قسمتی از بدن و از دست رفتن هماهنگی بدن شود. به غیر از مستعد بودن فرد از نظر ژنتیکی برای ابتلا به بیماری ام . اس، پژوهشگران معتقدند که برای ظهور بیماری ام . اس حداقل یک یا چند عامل محیطی لازم می‎باشد. شیوع بیماری در نقاط مختلف جهان متفاوت بوده و در برخی از مناطق اروپای غربی و شمال آمریکا، بروز و شیوع بیش از سایر نقاط جهان می‎باشد. سلول‌های تنظیمی T نقش مهمی ‌در ممانعت از بیماری‌های خود ایمنی دارند. بنابر این، کاهش تعداد یا عملکرد این سلول‌ها می‌تواند در بروز خود ایمنی‌ها مؤثر باشد؛ به ‌طوری که نقص این سلول‌ها در بسیاری از بیماری‌های خود ‌ایمنی گزارش شده است. به کار بردن سامانه‎‎‎های زیستی برای درک بیماری‎های عصب شناسی با در نظر گرفتن زمان به عنوان یک فاکتور کلیدی برای پژوهش سیر تکاملی بیماری‎زایی این بیماری‎ها، از ارزش بالایی برخوردار است. این امید وجود دارد که با پژوهش و بررسی گسترده‎تر، درک بهتری نسبت به سازوکارهای موجود در بیماری ام. اس فراهم شود که راهکارهایی را در راستای بهبود این بیماری یا کاهش علائم آن فراهم کند

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Crucial Environmental, Genetics, and Epigenetics Players in Multiple Sclerosis Disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nafiseh Karimi 1
  • Majid Motovalli Bashi 2
  • Mostafa Ghaderi Zefrehei 3
  • Masoud Etemadifar 4

1 Ph.D., Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Genetics, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran

4 Profrssor, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that destroys the immune system of normal cells in the body, resulting in abnormal progressive neuronal function. Multiple wounds (called plaques) are described as plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord of MS patients. The destruction of nerve cells in the brain can cause many symptoms in MS patients, including fatigue, blurred vision in the eye, numbness in some parts of the body, partial weakness, and loss of body coordination. Apart from being genetically susceptible to MS disease, the researchers believe that at least one or more environmental factors should occur for the emergence of MS disease. The prevalence of the disease varies in different parts of the world, and the incidence and prevalence are higher in some parts of Western Europe and North America than in other parts of the world. Regulatory T cells play an essential role in preventing autoimmune diseases. Therefore, when these cells' number or function increases or decreases, it can affect autoimmunity, as these cells’ defects have been reported in many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the use of biological systems for understanding neurological disorders is highly valued, considering time as a critical factor in developing the pathogenesis of these diseases. Research has shown that microRNAs play an essential role in multiple sclerosis because they are abundantly expressed in immune cells, which mediate MS disease. It is hoped that more extensive research will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MS disease, providing strategies to improve or reduce the symptoms of the MS disease.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Autoimmune
  • MicroRNAs
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
  • Signaling pathway
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