مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا

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اخبار و اعلانات

اپونیم بیماری‌ها بر مبنای اساطیر و ادبیات و هنر

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

زبان شامل انواع ابزارهایی است که این ابزارها در ارتباطات و انتقال تجربیات بسیار اهمیت دارند. کلمات اختصاری، تشبیه، استعاره، کنایه، مجاز، جناس، تکرار، مترادفات در این ارتباط نقش مؤثری دارند. اپونیم (Eponym) ابزار زبانی دیگری است که در ایجاد ارتباط مؤثر است. اپونیم در زبانشناسی به فرد، محل یا شیئی گفته می­شود که نام قوم یا مکانی از نام او گرفته شده باشد. اپونیم­ها نه تنها در زبان عامیانه بلکه در علوم، مخصوصاً علم پزشکی نیز نمود دارند.
این مقاله به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی اپونیم­های بیماری­ها را که با اساطیر و آثار ادبی و هنری پیوند یافته­اند، مورد بررسی قرار می­دهد.
از بیست مورد اپونیم مطرح در این مقاله نه مورد (اولیس، هرکول، پان، پروتئوس، سیرنگومیلی، سیکلوپیا، ژیگانتسم، ساتیر، فوبیا) به قهرمانان و خدایان اسطورهای یونان و روم، و شخصیت­های ادبی و دیگر آثار هنری نمودهای دیگر اپونیم در حوزۀ علم پزشکی هستند که در این میان پنج مورد (آلیس در سرزمین عجایب، پیک ویکن، هامپتی دامپتی، آگوچیک و رابین هود) به ادبیات انگلستان  و سه مورد (نفرین اوندین- که البته اصل این داستان یونانی است-، بارون مونشهاوزن، استراو پیتر) به ادبیات آلمان، یک مورد (سندرم لازاروس) به کتاب مقدس، دو مورد به آثار هنری شاهکار داوینچی از ایتالیا (مونالیزا) و آثار پیتر بروگل از هلند ارتباط دارد.
اپونیم­ها گاه با اساطیر و شخصیت­های آثار ادبی و هنری پیوند می­یابند که در این میان میزان پیوند اپونیم­های بیماری به اساطیر یونان و روم و ادبیات انگلستان و آلمان بیشتر است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Eponymous of Diseases Based on Mythology, Literature, and Art

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yeganeh Farnamian 1
  • Atekeh Rasmi 2

1 Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

2 Associate professor of Persian Languages and Literature, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Language includes various tools that are very important in communication and the transfer of experiences. Abbreviations, similes, metaphors, ironies, puns, repetitions, and synonyms play an essential role in this regard. An eponym is another linguistic tool that is effective in communication. Eponymes or aliases also appear in the field of science, especially medicine. These eponyms are derived from the names of physicians, scientists, nurses who first reported the disease or provided treatment or patients who first reported the disease or the area where the disease broke out. The use of eponyms in medical science has its supporters and opponents. Nevertheless, they are known to enrich medical science.
This article descriptively studies the manifestation of myths and literary and artistic figures in the eponym of diseases.
Of the twenty eponyms mentioned in this article, nine (Ulysses, Hercules, Pan, Proteus, Syringomili, Cyclopia, Gigantesm, Satyr, Phobia) refer to Greek and Roman mythological heroes and gods, and literary figures and other works of art. In addition, five cases (Alice in Wonderland, Pickwicken, Humpty Dumpty, Aguchik and Robin Hood) are related to English literature, three cases (Ondine's curse - which of course is the origin of this story -, Baron Munchhausen, Straw Peter) to German literature, one case (Lazarus syndrome) to the Bible, and two cases to Da Vinci's masterpiece from Italy (Mona Lisa) and the works of Pieter Bruegel from Holland.
Eponyms are sometimes associated with myths and characters in literary and artistic works since pain and suffering have accompanied humans throughout history and humans have tried to show this issue using eponyms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humans
  • Eponyms
  • Medicine
  • Metaphor
  • Myth
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مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
دوره 11، شماره 2
فروردین 1402
صفحه 191-210
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هم رسانی
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