Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
2 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: One of the prominent issues in childhood over the past 25 years in the fields of psychology and psychiatry is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This disorder creates numerous problems for many students, affecting their academic, cognitive, social, and emotional performance during childhood, and subsequently impacting their occupational and family functioning in adulthood.
Methods: This research was an applied descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population comprised male and female elementary school students in Shiraz. A sample of 485 students was selected using a multistage sampling method. Data collection tools included the standardized Conners questionnaire (The Conners’ Parent Rating Scale [CPRS]) and the Swanson Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder questionnaire (The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Teacher and Parent Rating Scale [SNAP]). Data were analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software, version 27.0.1.
Results: The findings indicated that the prevalence of ADHD in this study was 8.7%, with the inattentive type (42.9%) being the most common. Although the frequency of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive types was higher in third-grade students and among boys, these differences were not statistically significant (P=0.126). Additionally, parents’ education level was significantly related to the occurrence of ADHD (P=0.029), while no significant relationship was found between parents’ income level and ADHD (P=0.081).
Conclusion: Sex, school grade, or parents’ income level alone should not be regarded as determining factors in the emergence of ADHD. Instead, it is recommended to design and implement regular screening, appropriate educational and therapeutic programs, as well as preventive interventions that emphasize the role of parents.
Keywords
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