Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related muscle weakness contributes to an increased prevalence of postural abnormalities, such as hyperkyphosis, which adversely affects body composition, mental health, and overall quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of corrective and aerobic exercises on the general health index and body composition in women with postural hyperkyphosis.
Methods: Thirty-two women with a kyphosis angle exceeding 40 degrees were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to four groups (n=8 per group): control, aerobic exercise, corrective exercise, and combined aerobic-corrective exercise. The intervention consisted of six weeks of structured aerobic and corrective exercises (including stretching, mobility, and strength training). Kyphosis angle, general health (assessed via the GHQ questionnaire), and body composition parameters (weight, body mass index [BMI], fat percentage, visceral fat, and muscle mass) were measured pre-and post-intervention. The dependent t-tests were used to compare within-group changes, while ANCOVA was employed to assess the exercise effect after controlling for baseline values. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 23) at a significance level of P≤0.05.
Results: Corrective, aerobic, and combined exercises significantly improved the general health index (P≤0.05), with the greatest effect observed in the combined exercise group. However, none of the interventions significantly altered body composition measures (visceral fat, muscle mass, fat percentage, BMI, or body weight; P≥0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggested that the corrective and aerobic exercises, particularly when combined, were effective for enhancing general health and reducing kyphosis angle in women with postural hyperkyphosis; however, they do not significantly impact body composition.
Keywords
- Amini M, Alizadeh M, Jamali Brayjani S. A Review of Corrective Exercise Protocols in People with Hyperkyphosis Disorders. Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation. 2020;9(3):96-107.
- Hamzeh Shalamzari M, Motaqi M, Ghanjal A. The effects of a corrective exercise on pain and quality of life factors and spinal curvature angles of nurses with kyphosis and forward head position in a military medical center. Journal of Military Medicine. 2022;23(11):839-50.
- Norasteh AA, Hosseini R, Daneshmandi H, Shah Heidari S. Balance assessment in students with hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis. Journal of Exercise Science and Medicine. 2014;6(1):57-71.
- Sedaghati P, Ahmadabadi S, Goudarzian M. Evaluation of the durable effects of corrective exercises on the postural alignment and stability in hyperkyphotic elderly with a history of falls. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):545.
- Warburton DE, Glendhill N, Quinney A. The effects of changes in musculoskeletal fitness on health. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(2):161-216.
- Karimizadeh Ardakani M, Soroush Fard Z, Amirizadeh F, Naderifar H. Effect of thoracic hyper-kyphosis posture on upper extremity function of female students. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research. 2022;9(1):30-5.
- Warburton DE, Glendhill N, Quinney A. The effects of changes in musculoskeletal fitness on health. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(2):161-216.
- Montazeri A, Harirchi AM, Shariati M, Garmaroudi G, Ebadi M, Fateh A. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:66.
- Dekel Y, Tenenbaum G, Kudar K. An exploratory study on the relationship between postural deformities and body-image and self-esteem in adolescents: the mediating role of physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 1996;27 (2):183-96.
- Ghorbanian B, Faridnia S. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Some Metabolic Indices, Quality of Life and General Health of Women Recovered from Corona Disease. Journal of Sports and Biomotor Sciences. 2019;11(21):1-11.
- Thibault R, Genton L, Pichard C. Body composition: why, when and for who? Clin Nutr. 2012;31(4):435-47.
- Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ. 2006;174(6):801-9.
- Naderi A, Rezvani MH, Shaabani F, Bagheri S. Effect of kyphosis exercises on physical function, postural control and quality of life in elderly men with hyperkyphosis. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2019;13(4):464-79.
- Bahrekazemi B, Letafatkar A, Hadadnezhad M. The effect of eight weeks of global postural corrective exercises on kyphosis and forward head angle in elderly women with age-related hyperkyphosis. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 2017;6(9):40-4.
- Emerenziani GP, Gallotta MC, Migliaccio S, Ferrari D, Greco EA, Saavedra FJ, et al. Effects of an individualized home-based unsupervised aerobic training on body composition and physiological parameters in obese adults are independent of gender. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018;41(4):465-73.
- Sterling M. General Health Questionnaire - 28 (GHQ-28). J Physiother. 2011;57(4):259.
- Sadat Kasaii M, Ghazalian F. The effect of Aerobic training and low calorie diet on respiratory parameters and anthropometric indexes in overweight/obese women. Research on Biosciences and Physical Actiuity. 2018;5(8):11-9.
- Seidi F, RAJABI R, EBRAHIMI E, ALIZADEH MH, DANESHMANDI H. The effect of a 10-week selected corrective exercise program on postural thoracic kyphosis deformity. Sport Sciences and Health Research. 2013;5(1):5-22.
- Kamali K, Abbasi Daloii A, Abdi A, Ziaolhagh SJ, Barari A. Effect of 8-weeks aerobic training on undercarboxylated osteocalcin, hs-CRP and inisulin resistance in ovreweight women. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2015;22(5):823-31.
- Shojaeddin SS, Dadashpoor A. Effect of an aquatic endurance exercise on mental general health in male elders. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2013;8(1):56-63.
- Yavarian Y, Nikakhtar M. Effects Of Aerobic Exercise, On Women Mental Health. Nursing And Midwifery Journal. 2011;9(1):0-.
- Mortazavi SS, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Eshaghi SR, Dorali Beni R, Shahsiah M, Botlani S. The effectiveness of regular physical activity on mental health in elderly. Journal of Isfahan medical school. 2011;29(161):1805-14.
- Saxena S, Van Ommeren M, Tang K, Armstrong T. Mental health benefits of physical activity. Journal of mental health. 2005;14(5):445-51.
- Bouaziz W, Vogel T, Schmitt E, Kaltenbach G, Geny B, Lang PO. Health benefits of aerobic training programs in adults aged 70 and over: a systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;69:110-27.
- Jang HJ, Hughes LC, Oh DW, Kim SY. Effects of Corrective Exercise for Thoracic Hyperkyphosis on Posture, Balance, and Well-Being in Older Women: A Double-Blind, Group-Matched Design. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019;42(3):E17-E27.
- Maekawa M, Yoshizawa E, Hayata G, Ohashi S. Physical and psychological effects of postural educational intervention for students experienced school refusal. Current Psychology. 2023;42(5):3510-9.
- Katzman WB, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, Schafer A, Long RK, Wong S, et al. Targeted spine strengthening exercise and posture training program to reduce hyperkyphosis in older adults: results from the study of hyperkyphosis, exercise, and function (SHEAF) randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(10):2831-41.
- Hosseini F, Barati AH, Tahmasbi F. The relationship between hyper kyphosis and mental health dimensions of young girls. Studies in Sport Medicine. 2017;9(21):43-52.
- Meamari H, Koushkie Jahromi M, Fallahi A, Sheikholeslami R. Influence of structural corrective and respiratory exercises on cardiorespiratory indices of male children afflicted with kyphosis. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2017;18(1):51-62.
- Shumway-Cook A, Gruber W, Baldwin M, Liao S. The effect of multidimensional exercises on balance, mobility, and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Phys Ther. 1997;77(1):46-57.
- Canuto Wanderley FA, Oliveira NL, Marques E, Moreira P, Oliveira J, Carvalho J. Aerobic versus resistance training effects on health-related quality of life, body composition, and function of older adults. J Appl Gerontol. 2015;34(3):NP143-65.
- Darzabi T, Nabavinik H, Saberi Najafi MM, Ghafari Noghondar Y, Hemati Ostad R, Faraz Farouji J, et al. Comparing the effect of eight weeks selected football practice and corrective movements on abnormalities and body composition in students. Physical Treatments-Specific Physical Therapy Journal. 2018;8(3):133-42.
- Mohammad DM, FATHI M, HEJAZI K. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise with Constant and Variable Intensities on Body Composition, Some Physiological Indicators and Coagulation Factors in Middle Aged Overweight Women. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2021;24 (3):51-61.
- Oh DH, Lee JK. Effect of Different Intensities of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Resistance Exercise on Body Fat, Lipid Profiles, and Adipokines in Middle-Aged Women with Obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):3991.
- Azizi A, Mahdavinejhad R, Taheri-tizani A, Jafarzadeh T, Rezaeinasab A. The effect of 8 weeks specific aquatic therapy on kyphosis angle and some pulmonary indices in male university students with kyphosis. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2012;19(2):440-50.
- Parikh R, Kulkarni P, Abraham S, Rao K, Khatri S. Performance of children with mental retardation with and without down’s syndrome on standardized walking obstacle course. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2013;6(1):20-4.
)