Sadra Medical Journal

The Effect of Corrective Exercises and Nine Plus Screening Tests (Y-Balance and Single-Leg Jump) on Injury Prevention and Movement Pattern Improvement in Imam Ali University Students

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abas Shakibirad 1
Sajad Mohamadyari 1
Farhad Ranjbarzadeh 2
Mohsen Davoodi 3

1 Department of Physical Education, Imam Ali Officer University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Exercise Physiology، Department of General Courses, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30476/smsj.2025.102665.1535
Abstract
Introduction: Movement pattern deficiencies represent one of the primary causes of disability among armed forces personnel during military exercises, parades, and formation drills. This study aimed to investigate the combined application of the Nine Plus, Y Balance, and Single Leg Jump screening tests to identify movement pattern impairments and develop targeted injury prevention exercises for cadets at Imam Ali Officer University based on their specific movement deficiencies.
Methods: Eighty participants were randomly assigned to experimental (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. An eight-week injury prevention exercise program was implemented, with pre-and post-intervention assessments using the Nine Plus test, Y-balance test (YBT), and Single-Leg Jump Test. The paired t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using SPSS software (version 22).
Results: Significant improvements were observed in Nine Plus test scores (P=0.001), except for flexibility components (P=0.22). The Y-Balance Test showed significant enhancement (P=0.001), while no significant difference was observed in the Single-Leg Jump results (P=0.12).
Conclusion: The eight-week injury prevention program effectively enhanced functional test performance (Nine Plus and Y-Balance) and improved movement patterns in military cadets, suggesting its potential for implementation in armed forces training protocols.

Keywords

Diagnosis
Screening test
Motor Activity
Physical Functional Performance
Motor Disorders
prevention and control
  1. Hearn DW, Kerr ZY, Wikstrom EA, Goss DL, Cameron KL, Marshall SW, et al. Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in US Military Academy Cadet Basic Training: A Survival Analysis Evaluating Sex, History of Injury, and Body Mass Index. Orthop J Sports Med. 2021;9(10):23259671211039841.
  2. Homeier DD, Kang D, Molinari R, Mesfin A. The top-cited military relevant spine articles. J Orthop. 2024;54:38-45.
  3. Baskin BM. Central and Peripheral Nervous System Sequelae Following Blast Exposures: A Multi-Organ System Analysis of a Complex Full-Body Injury: University of Washington; 2023.
  4. Faisal S. Effect of Neuromuscular Training Program on Functional Movement. Journal of Rehabilitation and Clinical Research (JRCR). 2023;1(2):41-8.
  5. Ramezani M, Pourghayoomi E, Taghizadeh G. Job requirements and physical demands (JRPD) questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation in Iranian Army personnel with chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):33.
  6. Safarzadeh M, Daneshjoo A, Hosseinpor A, Bamorovat F. Relationship between functional movement screen whit risk factors and its ability to predict sport injuries. Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation. 2019;8(1):83-92.
  7. Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom B. Pre-participation screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 1. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2006;1(2):62-72.
  8. Boucher B, Rich A, Gobert D, Gardner B, Metzner P, King C, et al. The Effectiveness of a Functional Movement Assessment and 4-Week Exercise Training Program for Female High School Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(1):102-10.
  9. Frohm A, Heijne A, Kowalski J, Svensson P, Myklebust G. A nine-test screening battery for athletes: a reliability study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22(3):306-15.
  10. Leandersson J, Heijne A, Flodstrom F, Frohm A, von Rosen P. Can movement tests predict injury in elite orienteerers? An 1-year prospective cohort study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2020;36(8):956-64.
  11. Hoover DL, Killian CB, Tinius RA, Bellar DM, Wilkinson SG, Esslinger FT, et al. Predictive Validity of a Functional Movement Screen in Professional Basketball Players. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(12).
  12. O’Connor FG, Deuster PA, Davis J, Pappas CG, Knapik JJ. Functional movement screening: predicting injuries in officer candidates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(12):2224-30.
  13. Liao T, Li L, Wang YT. Effects of Functional Strength Training Program on Movement Quality and Fitness Performance Among Girls Aged 12-13 Years. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(6):1534-41.
  14. Cowen VS. Functional fitness improvements after a worksite-based yoga initiative. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010;14(1):50-4.
  15. Mottram S, Blandford L. Assessment of movement coordination strategies to inform health of movement and guide retraining interventions. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020;45:102100.
  16. Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Kember LS, Myer GD, Read PJ. Individual hop analysis and reactive strength ratios provide better discrimination of ACL reconstructed limb deficits than triple hop for distance scores in athletes returning to sport. Knee. 2020;27(5):1357-64.
  17. Chen J, Zhang C, Chen S, Zhao Y. Effects of functional correction training on injury risk of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2021;9:e11089.
  18. Woods CT, McKeown I, Keogh J, Robertson S. The association between fundamental athletic movements and physical fitness in elite junior Australian footballers. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(4):445-50.
  19. Soltandoost SM, Alizadeh MH, Shamsoddini A. Effects of functional movement training program on functional movement screening scores and selected physical fitness factors in active injury-prone military men. Journal of Military Medicine. 2020;22(4):174-82.
  20. Siamaki R, Minoonejad H, Alizadeh MH, Soori R. Are Fundamental Movement Patterns Affected by Functional Training in Youth Male Soccer Players? Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2017;13(1):7-13.
  21. Lederman E. Neuromuscular rehabilitation in manual and physical therapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 2010;178.
  22. Kramer TA, Sacko RS, Pfeifer CE, Gatens DR, Goins JM, Stodden DF. The Association between the Functional Movement Screen(Tm), Y-Balance Test, and Physical Performance Tests in Male and Female High School Athletes. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019;14(6):911-9.
  23. Bagherian S, Ghasempoor K, Rahnama N, Wikstrom EA. The Effect of Core Stability Training on Functional Movement Patterns in College Athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2019;28(5):444-9.
  24. Zhang M, Ma H, Liu Z, Smith DM, Wang X. The Effects of a 10-Week Neuromuscular Training on Postural Control in Elite Youth Competitive Ballroom Dancers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol. 2021;12:636209.
  25. Bulow A, Anderson JE, Leiter JRS, MacDonald PB, Peeler JD. Safety and Effectiveness of a Perturbation-based Neuromuscular Training Program on Dynamic Balance in Adolescent Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021;16(4):1001-15.
  26. Bedir D, Erhan SE. The Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on the Imagery Skills and Performance of Target-Based Sports Athletes. Front Psychol. 2020;11:2073.
  27. Petri K, Emmermacher P, Danneberg M, Masik S, Eckardt F, Weichelt S, et al. Training using virtual reality improves response behavior in karate kumite. Sports Engineering. 2019;22:1-12.
  28. Kim K-j, Gang M-y. Effect of taping and virtual reality combined exercise on static and dynamic balance with functional ankle instability. Physical Therapy Korea. 2020;27(4):292-7.
  29. Ha SY, Han JH, Sung YH. Effects of ankle strengthening exercise program on an unstable supporting surface on proprioception and balance in adults with functional ankle instability. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018;14(2):301-5.
  30. Yousefi Babadi S, Daneshmandi H. Effect of a virtual reality training program (exergaming) on the motor coordination of the elderly. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2019;8(2):169-76.
Sadra Medical Journal
Volume 13, Issue 2
Spring 2025
Pages 356-370

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Guide for Reviewers

Contact Us