Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Associate Professor, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Peace is a multidimensional concept influenced by various factors. This study aimed to explain the process of peace formation in comprehensive health services.
Material: This qualitative study was conducted using a grounded theory approach to answer the question: “How is peace formed in comprehensive health networks?”. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 patients and staff members of comprehensive health networks. Purposeful sampling was used initially, followed by theoretical sampling. Data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin approach (1998).
Results: The peace formation process in a comprehensive health network included 5 main categories and 8 sub-categories. The main categories were threats, opportunities, barriers to organizational productivity, strategies, and consequences. Threats included subcategories of poor performance management and organizational challenges. Opportunities included teamwork, cooperation, organizational freedom, inner peace, trust, and authority. Barriers to organizational productivity included deviant behaviors and negative emotions within the organization. Strategies included effective management and adherence to professional ethics. The consequence included two subcategories, social capital and organizational development.
Conclusion: Comprehensive health networks encounter organizational challenges and poor performance management in establishing peace, as well as barriers to organizational productivity. Therefore, policymakers and managers should implement effective measures and strategies to address these challenges.
Keywords
- Bussing A, Balzat HJ, Heusser P. Spiritual needs of patients with chronic pain diseases and cancer - validation of the spiritual needs questionnaire. Eur J Med Res. 2010;15(6):266-73.
- Sandy L, Perkins R. The nature of peace and its implications for peace education. In: Oslo: Faculty of Law UoO, editor. Topics in International Law and Human Rights. 2008. p. 1–6.
- Roberts K, Cunningham G. Serenity: Concept analysis and measurement. Educational Gerontology: An International Quarterly. 1990;16(6):577-89.
- Austin P, MacLeod R. Finding peace in clinical settings: A narrative review of concept and practice. Palliat Support Care. 2017;15(4):490-8.
- Roberts KT, Aspy CB. Development of the Serenity Scale. J Nurs Meas. 1993;1(2):145-64.
- Coninx R, Ousman K, Mathilde B, Kim HT. How health can make a contribution to peace in Africa: WHO’s Global Health for Peace Initiative (GHPI). BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 8).
- Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Haghdoost A, Mehrolhassani MH, Aminian Z. The Association between Peace and Life Expectancy: An Empirical Study of the World Countries. Iran J Public Health. 2015;44(3):341-51.
- Tan SB, Ng CG, Subramaniam P, Lim EJ, Loh EC. Inner peace in palliative care patients: a qualitative study using grounded theory. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. 2012;2(Suppl 1):A37-A.
- Fu MM, Fu MW, Chen RY, Chan HL, Lee TS, Fu E. Life satisfaction and peace of mind among dentists: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(11):6421-8.
- Abou Hashish EA. Relationship between ethical work climate and nurses’ perception of organizational support, commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intent. Nurs Ethics. 2017;24(2):151-66.
- Windover AK, Boissy A, Rice TW, Gilligan T, Velez VJ, Merlino J. The REDE Model of Healthcare Communication: Optimizing Relationship as a Therapeutic Agent. J Patient Exp. 2014;1(1):8-13.
- Takian A, Rajaeieh G. Peace, Health, and Sustainable Development in the Middle East. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23(4Suppl1):S23-S6.
- Abdellah RF, Salama KM. Prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence against health care workers in emergency department in Ismailia, Egypt. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;26:21.
- Abed M, Morris E, Sobers-Grannum N. Workplace violence against medical staff in healthcare facilities in Barbados. Occup Med (Lond). 2016;66(7):580-3.
- Magnavita N, Heponiemi T. Violence towards health care workers in a Public Health Care Facility in Italy: a repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:108.
- The Noble Holy Quran.
- Numminen O, Leino-Kilpi H, Isoaho H, Meretoja R. Ethical climate and nurse competence - newly graduated nurses’ perceptions. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22(8):845-59.
- Abuelaish I, Goodstadt MS, Mouhaffel R. Interdependence between health and peace: a call for a new paradigm. Health Promot Int. 2020;35(6):1590-600.
- Schneider RH, Dillbeck MC, Yeola G, Nader T. Peace through health: traditional medicine meditation in the prevention of collective stress, violence, and war. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1380626.
- De Luca GD, Lin X. The role of health and health systems in promoting social capital, political participation and peace: A narrative review. Health Policy. 2024;141:105009.
- Takian A, Rajaeieh G. Peace, Health, and Sustainable Development in the Middle East. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23(4Suppl1):S23-S6.
- Shrestha S, Zhong N, Sadat SMA, Zhan S. Conceptualizing Peace: A Qualitative Study Among Afghan Adolescents Living in Intractable Conflict. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023;16:4401-16.
- Holloway I, Galvin K. Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare: John Wiley & Sons; 2023.
- Burns N, Grove SK. The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique and utilization. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2017.
- Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott William & Wilkins; 2021.
- Hyder AA, Ambrosio NS, Garcia-Ponce O, Barberia L. Peace and health: exploring the nexus in the Americas. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(Suppl 8).
- Ghiasipour M, Mosadeghrad AM, Arab M, Jaafaripooyan E. Leadership challenges in health care organizations: The case of Iranian hospitals. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017;31:96.
- Auschra C. Barriers to the Integration of Care in Inter-Organisational Settings: A Literature Review. Int J Integr Care. 2018;18(1):5.
- Sun P, Zhang X, Sun Y, Ma H, Jiao M, Xing K, et al. Workplace Violence against Health Care Workers in North Chinese Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(1).
- Budreviciute A, Kalediene R, Petrauskiene J. Priorities in effective management of primary health care institutions in Lithuania: Perspectives of managers of public and private primary health care institutions. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0209816.
- Sfantou DF, Laliotis A, Patelarou AE, Sifaki-Pistolla D, Matalliotakis M, Patelarou E. Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care Measures in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2017;5(4).
- Hargett CW, Doty JP, Hauck JN, Webb AM, Cook SH, Tsipis NE, et al. Developing a model for effective leadership in healthcare: a concept mapping approach. J Healthc Leadersh. 2017;9:69-78.
- Zhao S, Liu H, Ma H, Jiao M, Li Y, Hao Y, et al. Coping with Workplace Violence in Healthcare Settings: Social Support and Strategies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(11):14429-44.
- Koskenvuori J, Numminen O, Suhonen R. Ethical climate in nursing environment: A scoping review. Nurs Ethics. 2019;26(2):327-45.
- Waters NP, Schmale T, Goetz A, Eberl JT, Wells JH. A call to promote healthcare justice: A summary of integrated outpatient clinics exemplifying principles of Catholic social teaching. Linacre Q. 2017;84(1):57-73.
- Wynia MK, Osborn CY. Health literacy and communication quality in health care organizations. J Health Commun. 2010;15 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):102-15.
- Zucker H, Ahn R, Sinclair SJ, Blais M, Nelson BD, Burke TF. Development of a scale to measure individuals’ ratings of peace. Confl Health. 2014;8:17.
- Salsman JM, Pustejovsky JE, Jim HS, Munoz AR, Merluzzi TV, George L, et al. A meta-analytic approach to examining the correlation between religion/spirituality and mental health in cancer. Cancer. 2015;121(21):3769-78.
- Liao YC, Huang TY, Lin SH, Wu CH, Chang KT, Hsieh S, et al. Mediating role of resilience in the relationships of physical activity and mindful self-awareness with peace of mind among college students. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10386.
- Merluzzi TV, Salamanca-Balen N, Philip EJ, Salsman JM. “Letting go” - Relinquishing control of illness outcomes to God and quality of life: Meaning/peace as a mediating mechanism in religious coping with cancer. Soc Sci Med. 2023;317:115597.
- Peterman AH, Reeve CL, Winford EC, Cotton S, Salsman JM, McQuellon R, et al. Measuring meaning and peace with the FACIT-spiritual well-being scale: distinction without a difference? Psychol Assess. 2014;26(1):127-37.
- Sleight AG, Boyd P, Klein WMP, Jensen RE. Spiritual peace and life meaning may buffer the effect of anxiety on physical well-being in newly diagnosed cancer survivors. Psychooncology. 2021;30(1):52-8.