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The Effect of Twelve Week Neurofeedback Training on Perceptual Pain Intensity, Fear of Pain, Pelvic Drop, and Dynamic Knee Valgus Index in Men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Collegian MSc, Department of sport injuries and corrective exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of sport injuries and corrective exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of sport injuries and corrective exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is accompanied by Pelvic Drop and Valgus Dynamic Knee. Pain And fear of pain have been reported as some mechanisms of its occurrence. The present study is to investigate the effect of twelve-week neurofeedback training on perceptual pain intensity, fear of pain, pelvic drop, and dynamic knee valgus index in men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.
Methods: 32 patients with PFPS participated in this study. They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The instruments used in this study consist of the VAS scale for pain, McNeil questionnaire for fear of pain, camera and Kinova Software for pelvis drop and dynamic valgus index when going down the stairs. The experimental group performed neurofeedback training for twelve weeks, 3 times per week, and 30 Min per Session; however, the control group did not receive any treatment during this time.  The covariance statistical method was used through SPSS software, version 21, for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that the experimental group after twelve weeks of neurofeedback training had significant improvement in pain reduction(0/001), fear of pain (P = 0.004) and Valgus Knee Dynamics Index (P = 0.005); however, there was no significant improvement in drop pelvis (P = 0.45).
Conclusion: It seems that the pelvic drop and Knee Dynamic Valgus Index are influenced by perceptual pain intensity and fear of pain. Dynamic Knee Valgus Index has been significantly influenced by perceptual pain intensity and fear of pain since it decreased after twelve weeks of neurofeedback training.

Keywords

References
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Sadra Medical Journal
Volume 8, Issue 2
April 2020
Pages 151-164
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