Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty member, School of Paramedical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

2 PhD student of Health in Emergency and Disaster in Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Faculty member, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

4 PhD Student of Biostatistics in Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

5 Ph.D Student of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: Resilience is defined as a successful acclimatization process with injurious experiences. The concept of the source of control refers to human's ability in controlling conditions and environmental events. In some surveys, resilience and locus of control are known as factors affecting academic progress of students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between students’ resilience and their source of control with their academic performance conducted at Paramedical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with180 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences with simple stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, students' total average, Connor-Davidson standardized resilience questionnaires, and Rotter's locus of control. In order to analyze the data, SPSS 23 software and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t-test, multiple linear regression) were used.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between resilience and locus of control, i.e. the resilient individuals had internal locus of control (r=-0.418, P<0.0001). Male students (P=0.008) and off campus students (P=0.025) were more resilient than others. In addition, academic performance of female students (P=0.037), and off campus students (P=0.005) was significantly better than that of other students.
Conclusion: The results showed that off campus students were more resilient and had a better academic performance than on-campus students.

Keywords

1. Gillespite BM. The predictors of resilience in operating room nurses. Unpublished Dissertation: Griffith University; 2007.
2.  Habibi H, Fatemi M. Study of the relationship between sex and gender role with the level of resiliency. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies. 2015; 11(2):115-34. [Persian]
3.  Perez W, Espinoza R, Ramos K, M. Coronado H, Cortes R. Academic Resilience Among Undocumented Latino Students. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2009; 31(2):149-81.
4.  Bahadori Khosroshahi J, Babapour Kheyroddin J, Poursharifi H. Relationships of Resilience and Locus of Control with Happiness in Students. Journal of Psychological Research. 2016; 18(2):114-27. [Persian]
5.  Pinquart M. Moderating effects of dispositional resilience on associations between hassles and psychological distress. Journal of applied Developmental psychology. 2009; 30(1):53-60.
6.  Azadi S, Azad H. The Correlation of Social Support, tolerance and Mental Health in Children of Martyrs and war-disabled in Universities of Ilam. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health. 2011; 3(4):48-58, [Persian].
7.  Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003; 18(2):76-82.
8.  Alizadeh H. Psychological Resilience, Mental Welfare and Behavioral Disorders. Tehran: Arasbaran Publisher; 2012. [Persian]
9.  Rotter JB. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological monographs: General and applied. 1966; 80(1):1-28.
10. Kee Tony TS. Locus of control, attributional style and discipline problems in secondary schools. Early Child Development and Care 2003; 173(5):455-66.
11. Çelik DA, Çetin F, Tutkun E. The role of proximal and distal resilience factors and locus of control in understanding hope, self-esteem and academic achievement among Turkish pre-adolescents. Current Psychology. 2015; 34(2):321-45.
12. Sarwar M, Inamullah H, Khan N, Anwar N. Resilience and academic achievement of male and female secondary level students in Pakistan. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC). 2010; 7(8):19-24.
13. Saadat S, Etemadi O, Nilforooshan P. The Relationship between Resilience and Attachment Styles with Academic. Research in Medical Education. 2016; 7(4):46-55. [Persian]
14. Rahimi R, Ali Akbari M. Relationship between of Resilience and Academic Achievement in Students with Hearing Impairment. Journal of Modern Psychological Research. 2015; 10(38):109-23. [Persian]
15. Halpenny D, Cadoo K, Halpenny M, Burke J, Torreggiani WC. The Health Professions Admission Test (HPAT) score and leaving certificate results can independently predict academic performance in medical school: do we need both tests? Irish medical journal. 2010; 103(10):1-3.
16. Sansgiry SS, Bhosle M, Sail K. Factors that affect academic performance among pharmacy students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2006; 70(5):104-20.
17. Kahrizi M. Relationship between Resiliency with academic performance and life satisfaction of Kermanshah high school students. Quarterly training development, School Counselor 2013; 10(1):5-9. [Persian]
18. Mohammadi M. Factors affecting the resiliency of people at risk of substance abuse. Tehran: University of Sicial Welfare and Rehabilitation; 2008. [Persian]
19. Valinouri A, Seif A. Relationship between Internal and External Locus of control, and types A and B of behavioral models with suicidal thoughts. Journal of Psychological Research 1995; 3(3, 4):24-37.
20. Maqsud M. Relationships of locus of control to self‐esteem, academic achievement, and prediction of performance among Nigerian secondary school pupils. British Journal of Educational Psychology 1983; 53(2):215-21.
21. Santiago RS, Okey JR. The Effects of Advisement and Locus of Control on Achievement in Learner-Controlled Instruction; 1990.
22. Bagherzadeh Ladari R, Sadeghi M, Haghshenas M, Mousavi S, Yazdani Cherati J. Study of the Relationship Between Locus of Control and Academic Achievement Among Students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2010; 20(77):30-5. [Persian]
23. Valizadehi L, Fathi A, Zamanzadeh V. The relationship between learning characteristics and academic achievement in nursing and midwifery students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2007-2008; 7(18):443-50. [Persian]
24. Campbell-Sills L, Forde DR, Stein MB. Demographic and childhood environmental predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2009; 43(12):1007-12.
25. Harrison LM. A study of the relationship between personal resiliency and academic achievement in middle school students in Alabama. Dell & Howell Information and Learning Company: Auburn University; 2001.
26. Vetter S, Dulaev I, Mueller M, Henley R, Gallo W, Kanukova Z. Impact of resilience enhancing programs on youth surviving the Beslan school siege. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2010; 4:11.
27. Wagstaff C, Sarkar M, Davidson CL, Fletcher D. Resilience in sport: a critical review of psychological processes, sociocultural influences, and organizational dynamics.  The Organizational Psychology of Sport: Key Issues and Practical Applications: Routledge; 2017.
28. Luine VN, Gomez J, Beck KD, Bowman RE. Sex Differences in Chronic Stress: Role of Estradiol in Cognitive Resilience; 2017.
29. Samari AA, Tahmasebi F. The study of correlation between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among university students. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2007; 9(35):121-8.