Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D, Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz,

2 Associate Professor, Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3 M.Sc. in Clinical Biochemistry, Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

4 M.Sc. in Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Satureja Khuzestanica (S. Khuzestanica) is one of the native plants of Iran that grows in areas such as Khuzestan and Lorestan. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of S. Khuzestanica on lipid profile, especially on decreasing serum cholesterol, liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in male hamsters with high fat diet.
Methods: 26 male hamsters were randomly divided into control, high fat diet (HFD), and high fat diet treated with S. Khuzestanica (HFD+S) groups. After 10 days of beginning the study, the two latter groups were fed with high fat diet for 30 days. During the last 10 days, the HFD+S group was treated with 100mg/kg/day S. Khuzestanica through the gavage.
Results: Data showed that administration of S. Khuzestanica for 10 days resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, liver enzymes, and malondialdehyde in the HFD+S group.
Conclusion: These results support the potential effects of the use of Satureia Khuzestanica in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords

  1. Rosenson RS, Brewer Jr HB, Barter PJ, Björkegren JL, Chapman MJ, Gaudet D, et al. HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: genetic insights into complex biology. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2018;15(1):9.
  2. Ballantyne CM, Olsson AG, Cook TJ, Mercuri MF, Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J. Influence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride on coronary heart disease events and response to simvastatin therapy in 4S. Circulation. 2001;104(25):3046-51.
  3. Siri-Tarino PW. Effects of diet on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Current atherosclerosis reports. 2011;13(6):453-60.
  4. Talayero BG, Sacks FM. The role of triglycerides in atherosclerosis. Current cardiology reports. 2011;13(6):544.
  5. Reiner Ž. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Novel Targets for Anti-atherosclerotic Therapy. Korean circulation journal. 2018;48(12):1097-119.
  6. Kruth HS. Cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic lesions.  Cholesterol: Springer; 1997. p. 319-62.
  7. Hoff H, Gaubatz J, Gotto Jr A. Apo B concentration in the normal human aorta. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1978;85(4):1424-30.
  8. Lopez-Pedrera C, Ruiz-Limon P, Valverde-Estepa A, Barbarroja N, Rodriguez-Ariza A. To cardiovascular disease and beyond: new therapeutic perspectives of statins in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Current drug targets. 2012;13(6):829-41.
  9. Ghittoni R, Enea Lazzerini P, Laghi Pasini F, Baldari CT. T lymphocytes as targets of statins: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Inflammation & Allergy-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Inflammation & Allergy). 2007;6(1):3-16.
  10. Meier B, Frank B, Wahl A, Diener HC. Secondary stroke prevention: patent foramen ovale, aortic plaque, and carotid stenosis. European heart journal. 2012;33(6):705-13.
  11. Rodríguez S, Raurell I, Torres-Arauz M, García-Lezana T, Genescà J, Martell M. A nitric oxide-donating statin decreases portal pressure with a better toxicity profile than conventional statins in cirrhotic rats. Scientific reports. 2017;7:40461.
  12. Singh Fo. Skeletal muscle toxicity and statins: role of mitochondrial adaptations: Université de Strasbourg; 2016.
  13. Rouhi-Boroujeni H, Rouhi-Boroujeni H, Heidarian E, Mohammadizadeh F, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Herbs with anti-lipid effects and their interactions with statins as a chemical anti-hyperlipidemia group drugs: A systematic review. ARYA atherosclerosis. 2015;11(4):244.
  14. Nimptsch K, Zhang X, Cassidy A, Song M, O’Reilly ÉJ, Lin JH, et al. Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and risk of colorectal cancer in 2 large prospective cohorts, 2. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2015;103(1):184-91.
  15. Cassidy A, Bertoia M, Chiuve S, Flint A, Forman J, Rimm EB. Habitual intake of anthocyanins and flavanones and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2016;104(3):587-94.
  16. Malmir M, Gohari AR, Saeidnia S, Silva O. A new bioactive monoterpene–flavonoid from Satureja khuzistanica. Fitoterapia. 2015;105:107-12.
  17. Fallahi S, Rostami A, Delfan B, Pournia Y, Rashidipour M. Effect of olive leaf, Satureja khuzestanica, and Allium sativum extracts on Giardia lamblia cysts compared with metronidazole in vitro. Journal of parasitic diseases. 2016;40(4):1204-9.
  18. Vakili S, Savardashtaki A, Moghaddam MAM, Nowrouzi P, Shirazi MK, Ebrahimi G. The effects of saffron consumption on lipid profile, liver enzymes, and oxidative stress in male hamsters with high fat diet. Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;3(3):201-8.
  19. Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodriguez Villanueva L. Experimental and clinical pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mills. Phytotherapy research. 2017;31(3):347-65.
  20. Tawfik MS, Abdel-Ghaffar KA, Gamal AY, El-Demerdash FH, Gad HA. Lycopene solid lipid microparticles with enhanced effect on gingival crevicular fluid protein carbonyl as a biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with chronic periodontitis. Journal of liposome research. 2019(just-accepted):1-33.
  21. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical chemistry. 1972;18(6):499-502.
  22. Ahmadi SA, Boroumand M-A, GOUHARI MK, Tajik P, Dibaj S-M. The impact of low serum triglyceride on LDL-cholesterol estimation. 2008.
  23. Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, Amici A, Climent I, Lenz A-G, et al. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins.  Methods in enzymology. 186: Elsevier; 1990. p. 464-78.
  24. Buege JA, Aust SD. [30] Microsomal lipid peroxidation.  Methods in enzymology. 52: Elsevier; 1978. p. 302-10.
  25. Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarova MN, Kovaleva MA, Laakso I, Dorman HD, et al. Effect of Bergenia crassifolia L. extracts on weight gain and feeding behavior of rats with high-caloric diet-induced obesity. Phytomedicine. 2012;19(14):1250-5.
  26. Balzan S, Hernandes A, Reichert CL, Donaduzzi C, Pires VA, Junior AG, et al. Lipid-lowering effects of standardized extracts of Ilex paraguariensis in high-fat-diet rats. Fitoterapia. 2013;86:115-22.
  27. Mertz D. "Atherosclerosis-index" (LDL/HDL): risk indicator in lipid metabolism disorders. Medizinische Klinik. 1980; 75(4): 159-61.
  28. Bandonienė D, Venskutonis PR, Gruzdienė D, Murkovic M. Antioxidative activity of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.) extracts in rapeseed oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2002;104(5):286-92.
  29. Ćavar S, Maksimović M, Šolić ME, Jerković-Mujkić A, Bešta R. Chemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of two Satureja essential oils. Food Chemistry. 2008;111(3):648-53.
  30. Shojaee-Aliabadi S, Hosseini H, Mohammadifar MA, Mohammadi A, Ghasemlou M, Ojagh SM, et al. Characterization of antioxidant-antimicrobial κ-carrageenan films containing Satureja hortensis essential oil. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2013;52:116-24.
  31. Güllüce M, Sökmen M, Daferera D, Aǧar G, Özkan H, Kartal N, et al. In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of herbal parts and callus cultures of Satureja hortensis L. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2003;51(14):3958-65.
  32. Alizadeh A, Khoshkhui M, Javidnia K, Firuzi O, Tafazoli E, Khalighi A. Effects of fertilizer on yield, essential oil composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Satureja hortensis L.(Lamiaceae) cultivated in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2010;4(1):033-40.
  33. Ming M, Guanhua L, Zhanhai Y, Guang C, Xuan Z. Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo. Food Chemistry. 2009;113(4):872-7.
  34. Liu Y, Palanivel R, Rai E, Park M, Gabor TV, Scheid MP, et al. Adiponectin stimulates autophagy and reduces oxidative stress to enhance insulin sensitivity during high-fat diet feeding in mice. Diabetes. 2015;64(1):36-48.
  35. Mayer M, Bukau B. Hsp70 chaperones: cellular functions and molecular mechanism. Cellular and molecular life sciences. 2005;62(6):670.
  36. Samuel VT, Liu Z-X, Qu X, Elder BD, Bilz S, Befroy D, et al. Mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004;279(31):32345-53.
  37. Nanji AA, French SW, Freeman JB. Serum alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio and degree of fatty liver in morbidly obese patients. Enzyme. 1986;36:266-9.
  38. Hosseinzadeh H, Younesi HM. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. stigma and petal extracts in mice. BMC pharmacology. 2002;2(1):7.
  39. Mahajan RT, Chopda M. Phyto-Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mill-A plant review. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2009;3(6):320.
  40. Limdi J, Hyde G. Evaluation of abnormal liver function tests. Postgraduate medical journal. 2003;79(932):307-12