نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: تغذیه با شیر مادر برای شش ماه اول و ادامه تغذیه با شیر مادر تا 2 سال یا بیشتر یک روش مطلوب برای تغذیه نوزاد است. توانمندسازی شیردهی مادر یکی از عوامل مهم در پیشبرد تغذیه با شیر مادر محسوب می شود و شناسایی عوامل تسهیل کننده آن می تواند به توسعه سیاست ‌های موثر و مداخله کمک کند. هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین عوامل مرتبط با توانمند سازی مادران جهت شیردهی در بیمارستان مادر و کودک شیراز  در سال 1397 بود.
روش­ها: پژوهش حاضر یک پژوهش توصیفی - کیفی با رویکرد پدیدار شناختی بوده  و تعداد مشارکت کننده 12 نفر و از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته صورت گرفته است و تحلیل محتوا همزمان با جمع اوری داده ها صورت گرفت. به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها در ابتدا هر یک از مصاحبه خوانده شد و مطالب نگارش می گردید. سپس عبارات مهم در محتوای داده‌ها مشخص و (کد‌های باز) آن تعیین شد. بر اساس شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌‌های موجود و مقایسه مستمر کد‌های باز در طبقات مشابهی قرار داده شدند و زیرطبقات را تشکیل دادند و در نهایت درون مایه‌های اصلی تعیین شد.
یافته‌ها: شرکت کنندگان در پی کسب مهارت ‌های تغذیه با شیر مادر در بیمارستان، مشاوره تغذیه با شیر مادر در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی را به عنوان عوامل مهمی در تسهیل توانمند سازی آنها در شیردهی و تداوم آن عنوان نمودند . تجزیه و تحلیل بیشتر نشان داد "تصمیم مادر برای تغذیه با شیر مادر" همراه با درک او(خودکارآمدی مادر، اعتقاد زن و اعتماد به نفس در توانایی او در تغذیه با شیر مادر) ، "نگرش مثبت فرهنگی  و مشارکت همسر و خانواده در تغذیه با شیر مادر"(آموزش و حضور همسر و عشق ورزیدن به مادر در زمان شیردهی )، " آموزش عمومی و ارایه  اطلاعات "(یک ارتباط شخصی موفق مادر  با دوستانش) و "نقش ماما و سایر کادر درمانی و بهداشتی(تشویق مادران و افزایش ترغیب مادر به شیردهی )" زمینه مناسب را برای تداوم تغذیه با شیر مادر فراهم می کند

نتیجه گیری: چهار اصل اصلی از "نقش پرسنل کادر بهداشتی درمانی "، "عوامل فرهنگی " و "عوامل فردی " و عوامل  اموزشی از توضیحات شرکت کنندگان استخراج شده است، که نشان دهنده ابعاد تسهیل کننده برای توانمندسازی زنان در شیردهی است. یافته ‌های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که خدمات شیردهی بیمارستانی نقش کلیدی در توانمندی در شیردهی دارد و وجود واحد اختصاصی آموزش و مشاوره شیردهی در بیمارستان، تأکید بر انجام تماس پوست با پوست مادر و نوزاد تأکید بر شروع زودرس شیردهی، حمایت و آموزش عملی مادر و ارجاع موارد مشکل دار به واحد مشاوره شیردهی منجر به شکل گیری توانمندی مادر در شیردهی می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effective Factors in Empowering Mothers for Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • sara Bazrriz 1
  • abbas yazdanpanah 2
  • Ali Khani Jeihooni 3

1 Instructor, Department of Healthcare Management, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Healthcare Management, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Breastfeeding for the first six months and continued breastfeeding for 2 years or more is a good way to feed the baby. The empowering of mother’ breastfeeding is one of the important factors in promoting breastfeeding, and identifying its facilitating factors can help develop effective policies and interventions. This study was conducted to investigate the related factors in empowering mothers for breastfeeding in Shiraz Mother and Child Hospital in 2018.
Methods: The present study was descriptive qualitative research with a phenomenological approach in which 12 participants were interviewed through semi-structured interview. Content analysis was carried out to analyze the collected data.
To analyze the data, each interview was transcribed and codified. Finally, all thematic structures were analyzed, compared and contrasted and the main themes were determined.
Results: Following the acquisition of breastfeeding skills in the hospital, participants cited breastfeeding counseling in health centers as an important factor in facilitating their empowerment in breastfeeding and their breastfeeding continuation. Further analysis revealed that "the mother's decision to breastfeed" along with her perception (self-efficacy and confidence in her capability to breastfeed), "positive cultural attitudes and participation of spouse and family in breastfeeding" "Breastfeeding" (training the spouse and his presence while loving the breastfeeding wife), "Public education and sharing information" (a successful personal relationship between the mother and her friends) and "The role of the midwife and other health care staff (encouraging mothers and increasing their tendancy to breastfeed "provides a good ground for constant breastfeeding.
Conclusion: The four main principles including " health care personnel", "cultural factors" and "individual factors" and training factors have been extracted from the interviews conducted. These principles illustrate the dimensions which facailitate empowerment of women in lactation. Findings indicate that hospital breastfeeding services play a key role in mothers’ ability to breastfeed. Referring those who have problems in breastfeeding to the breastfeeding counseling unit will help mothers breastfeed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lactation
  • Capability
  • Hospitals
  • Mothers
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