ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of the Integrative Approach of Reality – Emotion-focused Therapy on the Quality of Sleep and Sexual Self-efficacy in Women with Hypothyroidism
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome that occurs as a result of abnormalities in the production of thyroid hormones. Lack of this hurts sleep quality and sexual self-efficacy. The present study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion- focused therapy on sleep quality and sexual self-efficacy in women with hypothyroidism. Methods: The quasi-experimental research design was pre-test and post-test with the experimental and control groups. Among women who were admitted to the Shahid Rahimi hospital clinic with thyroid dysfunction, 30 were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). As a pre-test, sleep quality questionnaire (Petersburg, 1989) and sex self-efficacy questionnaire (Vaziri and Lotfi, 1392) were completed by the participants. Then an intervention with the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion-focused therapy for 10 sessions each lasting for 90 minutes was performed on the experiment group. Version 20 of SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance indicated the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables being significant at the level of (0.01). Moreover, the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion-focused therapy has affected the quality of sleep and sexual self-efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism. Conclusion: According to the results, the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion-focused therapy in patients with hypothyroidism can increase sexual self- efficacy and improve their sleep quality. Therefore, this method can be used to treat and reduce their problems.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46679_9a03ac32dd0ba54e989af8bcdcbe58bf.pdf
2020-03-20
91
102
10.30476/smsj.2020.82889.1039
Emotion-Focused Therapy
Sleep
Self-efficacy
Hypothyroidism
Hadis
Dehnavi
hasti.dehnavi23@gmail.com
1
MSC, Department of psychology, faculty of Literature and Humanity sciences, Lorestan University, Khorm Abad, Iran
AUTHOR
Masud
Sadeghi
sadeghi.m@lu.ac.ir
2
Assistant professor, Department of psychology, faculty of Literature and Humanity sciences, Lorestan University, Khorm Abad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Sepahvandi
3
Assistant professor, Department of psychology, faculty of Literature and Humanity sciences, Lorestan University, Khorm Abad, Iran
AUTHOR
Vanderpump MP. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2013; 99:39-51.
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2
Shabani M, Ghorishi A. Assessment of thyroid function in patients with major depressive disorder and panic disorder in Zanjan city. Scientific Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2009; 12(4): 435- 441. (In Persian)
3
Van de Ven AC, Netea-Maier RT, de Vegt F, Ross HA, Sweep FC, Kiemeney LA, et al. Is there a relationship between fatigue perception and the serum levels of thyrotropin and free thyroxine in euthyroid subjects? Thyroid 2012; 22(12):123643.
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Afkham Ebrahimi A, Ghale Bandi MF, Salehi M, Kafian Tafti AR, Vakili Y, Akhlaghi Farsi A. Sleep Parameters and the Factors Affecting the Quality of Sleep in Patients Attending Selected Clinics of Rasoul-e Akram Hospital. Razi J Med Sci 2008; 15(58):31-38. (In Persian).
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Bailes SC, Fichten CS, Libman E, Brender W, Amsel R. Sexual self-efficacy scale for female functioning. Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures. 3rd ed. New York: Syracuse; 2013.
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Melanie J, Gembeck Z. Young Females’ Sexual Self-Efficacy: Associations with personal autonomy and the couple relationship. Sexual Health 2013; 10: 204–210.
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Heydari A, Ehteshamzadeh P, Marashi M. Relationship between severity of insomnia, air quality, sleepless and mental health disorder with academic performance in girls. Journal of Women and Culture 2008; 1(4): 65-76. (In Persian)
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Rafiee M, Seifi A. The effectives of reality therapy on hypothyroidism. Andesheh 2013;7:37-48. (Persian).
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Gross JJ. Handbook of Emotion Regulation. New York: Guilford Publications; 2013.
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Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire–Development of a Short 18-Item Version (CERQ-Short). Personality and Individual Differences 2006; 41(6):1045-53.
29
Galhardo A, Cunha M, Pinto-Gouveia J. Measuring self-efficacy to deal with infertility: psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis of the Portuguese version of the infertility self-efficacy scale. Res Nurs Health J 2015; 36:65–74.
30
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35
Greenberg LS. Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through feelings. Washington DC: American Psychological; 2002.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Complications in Patients with Sacrococcygeal Plonidal Diseases Treated with Different Surgical Techniques
Introduction: Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal disease is a relatively common disease with high morbidity. This medical condition has been more detected in young adult men. Different types of management have been applied depending on the extension and severity of the disease, including resection without repair, primary closure, and using different methods of flap reconstruction. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 405 patients with the pilonidal disease were evaluated. Patients treated with different surgical techniques between 2006 to 2011 in Shahid Faghihi Hospital and Namazee Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data were registered and the surgical methods and complications were identified. Results:Most of the patients were young men (265 cases, 65.4%) and their main complaints were discharge and pain (353 cases, 87.2%) in the Sacrococcygeal area. Comparison of the surgical methods including resection with an open wound, primary closure, and Rhomboid flap indicates that recurrence was seen low in all three techniques (33 cases, 8.2%), especially in the surgery using Rhomboid flap. High-protein and high-caffeine meal (291 cases, 71.8%) and living in the warm and humid climates (348 cases, 85.9%) have been evaluated as predisposing factors for disease development. Conclusion:Due to primary results, the rhomboid/Limberg flap procedure should be considered as the preferable surgery method for the treatment of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal disease. Further investigations are inevitable to find the role of factors like high-protein and high-caffeine meals on the incidence of pilonidal disease.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46680_ee2acea1d4622eb9b99ca7f61ac69ee1.pdf
2020-03-20
103
112
10.30476/smsj.2020.83491.1063
Pilonidal Disease
Surgery
Primary closure
Rhomboid flap
Seyed Vahid
Hosseini
hoseiniv@sums.ac.ir
1
Professor, Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Saleh
Zeyed Sadhan
colorectal2@sums.ac.ir
2
M.D., Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mozhdeh
Zamani
mozamani@sums.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hajar
Khazraei
hajarkhazraei@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Leila
Ghahramani
leila_ghahramani@yahoo.com
5
Assistant Professor, Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Idris SAQ, Abdul Ghani. Pilonidal Sinus: Single Periphery Hospital Experience. Journal of Surgical Arts / Cerrahi Sanatlar Dergisi. 2020;13(1):11-5.
1
Shivhare PR. Excision without Primary Closure Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus and its Gender Incidence. Medicine. 2018.
2
Tavassoli A, Noorshafiee S, Nazarzadeh R. Comparison of excision with primary repair versus Limberg flap. Int J Surg. 2011;9(4):343-6.
3
Aslam MN, Shoaib S, Choudhry AM. Use of Limberg flap for pilonidal sinus--a viable option. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(4):31-3.
4
Yildiz T, Elmas B, Yucak A, Turgut HT, Ilce Z. Risk Factors for Pilonidal Sinus Disease in Teenagers. Indian J Pediatr. 2017;84(2):134-8.
5
Brunicardi F, Andersen D, Billiar T, Dunn D, Hunter J, Matthews J, et al. Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery. 2010. New York. 9th. [1061-8].
6
Marza L. Pilonidal sinus disease: a multidisciplinary approach. Trends in Urology & Men's Health. 2019;10(1):17-20.
7
Arpaci E, Altun S, Orhan E, Eyuboglu A, Ertas NM. A New Oval Advancement Flap Design for Reconstruction of Pilonidal Sinus Defect. World journal of surgery. 2018;42(11):3568-74.
8
Garg P. Management of Pilonidal Disease Needs Paradigm Shift From More to Less: Enough Evidence and Logic Available. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 2018;61(12):e376.
9
Iesalnieks I, Ommer A. The Management of Pilonidal Sinus. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. 2019;116(1-2):12-21.
10
Johnson EK, Vogel JD, Cowan ML, Feingold DL, Steele SR. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Pilonidal Disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(2):146-57.
11
Arnous M, Elgendy H, Thabet W, Emile SH, Elbaz SA, Khafagy W. Excision with primary midline closure compared with Limberg flap in the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease: a randomised clinical trial. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2019;101(1):21-9.
12
Ardelt M, Dennler U, Fahrner R, Hallof G, Tautenhahn HM, Dondorf F, et al. [Puberty is a major factor in pilonidal sinus disease : Gender-specific investigations of case number development in Germany from 2007 until 2015]. Chirurg. 2017;88(11):961-7.
13
Almajid FM, Alabdrabalnabi AA, Almulhim KA. The risk of recurrence of Pilonidal disease after surgical management. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(1):70-4.
14
Halleran DR, Lopez JJ, Lawrence AE, Sebastiao YV, Fischer BA, Cooper JN, et al. Recurrence of Pilonidal Disease: Our Best is Not Good Enough. J Surg Res. 2018;232:430-6.
15
KM B, DA R. Schwartz's principles of surgery2005.
16
Carmela Mento AR, Maria Rosaria Anna, Muscatello, Rocco Antonio Zoccali, Antonio Bruno. Negative Emotions in Skin Disorders: A Systematic Review international journal of psychological research. 2020;13(1).
17
Meena O, Kalwaniya D, Arya S, Kuppuswami M, Bajwa J, Pradhan R, et al. A comparative study of excision with primary closure versus Limberg flap in pilonidal sinus. International Surgery Journal. 2019.
18
Stauffer V, Luedi M, Kauf P, Schmid M, Diekmann M, Wieferich K, et al. Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence. Scientific reports. 2018;8(1):3058.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of 8 Weeks High-intensity Interval Training on camK and PGC-1 Gene Expressions in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
Introduction: One of the side effects of myocardial infarction is to increase slow-twitch to fast-twitch fibers phenotypic changes due to decreased mitochondrial density. Mitochondrial biogenesis with its ability to create new mitochondria and increase mitochondrial density can minimize these complications. One of the most effective genes in the mitochondrial biogenesis is the camK and PGC-1α. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of camK and PGC-1α genes in the rats with myocardial infarction.
Methods: In this development research, 12 Wistar male rats with myocardial infarction were divided into experimental (30 minutes on a treadmill regularly and 4 minutes running with the severity of 90-85% VO2max and two minutes of active recovery with 50% -60% VO2max three days a week for eight weeks) and control(without exercise) groups. The expression of camK and PGC-1α genes was studied with Real-time PCR as an effective factor in downstream mitochondrial biogenesis.
Results: The results showed that the expression of camK and PGC-1α genes increased significantly (P =0.001).
Conclusion: Generally, eight weeks of high-intensity interval training by increasing the expression of camK and PGC-1α genes which are effective in the mitochondrial biogenesis process, can improve mitochondrial function in ST in rats with myocardial infarction and improve their quality of life.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46681_6f8661250f3f1cee1d273487af8527b4.pdf
2020-03-20
113
122
10.30476/smsj.2020.82394.1026
myocardial infarction
mitochondrial biogenesis
Training
Zahra
Ghazvineh
yalda_zgh@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D. Student of Deptment of Physical education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshad
Ghazalian
phdghazalian@gmail.com
2
Assistant professor of Deptment of Physical education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abass Ali
Gaeini
aagaeini@yahoo.com
3
Professor of Deptment of Physical education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Khosro
Ebrahim
sk_karbalaei@yahoo.com
4
Professor of Deptment of Physical education and Sport Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nordlie MA, Wold LE, Kloner RA. Genetic contributors toward increased risk for ischemic heart disease. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2005.39(4):667–679.
1
Zoll J. Monassier L. Garnier A. N’Guessan B. Mettauer. Veksler V. ois Piquard F. Ventura-Clapier R and Geny B. ACE inhibition prevents myocardial infarction-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction.J Appl Physio. 2006.101(2):385-91.
2
Dominy JE and Puigserver P. Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Activation of Nuclear Signaling Proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013.1:5(7):1-18.
3
Lemieux H, Hoppel CL. Mitochondria in the human heart. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2009.41(2):99-106.
4
Sandri M. Lin J. Handschin CH. Yang W. Arany Z P. Lecker S H. Goldberg A L and Spiegelman BM. PGC-1α protects skeletal muscle from atrophy by suppressing FoxO3 action and atrophy-specific gene transcription. 2006.103(44):16260-5.
5
Fernandez-Marcos P J and Auwerx J. Regulation of PGC-1α, a nodal regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011.93(4):884S–90.
6
Rimbaud S, Garnier A, Ventura-Clapier R. Mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac pathophysiology. Pharmacol Rep. 2009. 61(1):131-8.
7
Hardie DG. AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of cellular energy. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007. 8(10):774-85.
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Meirhaeghe A, Crowley V, Lenaghan C, Lelliott C, Green K, Stewart A, Hart K, Schinner S, Sethi JK, Yeo G, et al. Characterization of the human, mouse and rat PGC1β(peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1β) gene in vitro and in vivo. Biochem J. 2003. 1:373(1):155-65.
9
Kumphune S, Surinkaew S, Chattipakorn S C, Chattipakorn N. 2015. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation protects cardiac mitochondria from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharm Biol.2015. 53(12):1831-41.
10
Aline V.N. Bacurau, Paulo R. Jannig, Wilson M.A.M. de Moraes, Telma F. Cunha, Alessandra Medeiros, Laura Barberi, Marcele A. Coelho, Reury F.P. Bacurau, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Antonio Musarò c,, Patricia C Brum. Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to skeletal muscle anti-atrophic effect of aerobic exercise training in heart failure mice Aline. International Journal of Cardiology.2016; 214: 137–147.
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Tao L. Bei Y. Zhang H. Zhou Y. Jiang J. Chen P. Shen S. Xiao J. Li X. Exercise Training Protects Against Acute Myocardial Infarction via Improving Myocardial Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 2015.37(1):162-175.
12
Steiner JL, Murphy EA, McClellan JL, Carmichael MD, Davis JM. J Appl Physiol. Exercise training increases mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain. 2011.111(4):1066-71.
13
Morten A, Hoydal MA, Wisloff U, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen O. Running speed and maximal oxygen uptake in rats and mice: practical implications for exercise training. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007.14(6):753-60.
14
Wisloff U, Helgerud J, Kemi OJ, Ellingsen O. Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: VO2 max and cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2000.280(3):1301-10.
15
Little JP, Safdar A, Bishop D, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. An acute bout of high-intensity interval training increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1α and activates mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011.300(6):1303-10.
16
Hoshino D, Yoshida Y, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H, Bonen A. High-intensity interval training increases intrinsic rates of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in rat red and white skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013.38(3):326-33.
17
Azizi gGhochan Nezhad Z. Effect of high intensity interval tarining(HIIT) on PGC-1α Serum Level and Lipid Profile of Overweight Women(PhD thesis).Tehran. pardis daneshgahi.2013.(in persian).
18
Sharafi Dehrhm F, Soori R, Rastegar Mogaddam Mansouri M, Abbasian S. The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Muscular Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Male Rats. JBabol Univ Med Sci. 2017.19(6):57-63.(in persian).
19
Kange C, O'Moore KM, Dickman JR, Ji LL. Exercise activation of muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α signaling is redox sensitive. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009.15:47(10):1394-400.
20
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21
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22
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23
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Differences in Meta-Cognitive Beliefs, Life-Orientation, Positive and Negative Affection between Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with and without Metabolic Syndrome and Normal individuals
Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis is an auto-immune, systemic, chronic, and inflammatory disease, which may lead to the Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVD). Metabolic Syndrome (Met S) is considered as a risk factor for developing CVD while the level of mental health has an essential role in their occurrence and intensification. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the differences in Meta-cognitive beliefs, Life-Orientation, positive and negative Affection between Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with and without Met S and normal individuals in Shiraz city in 2019. Methods: It is a comparative study. The participants of this study were 70 patients with Met S and 70 patients without Met S and 70 normal individuals who were selected by purposive sampling method and were matched in terms of features as age, gender, and marital status. The data were collected by using Wells-Meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire, Life-Orientation-Reviewed Sheerer and Kurver, Positive and Negative Affection questionnaire by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed using variance multi-variable Statistical analysis and Tukey’s post-hoc test in SPSS software, version 25. Results: The results showed a significant difference among the three groups in terms of meta-cognitive beliefs (p=0.001) and optimism-pessimism, and Positive Affection (p < 0.01); However, a significant difference was not found in the Negative Meta-cognitive beliefs component (p=0.52) and Negative Affection (p=0.07). Conclusion: The Rheumatoid Arthritis as a chronic disease and its co-occurrence with Met S both have a considerable impact on the CVD. Also, Patients’ mental health can contribute to reducing anxiety and stress happening due to an illness. Besides, patients’ mental health interventions is recommended along with medications.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46682_059d4f8a05285874c92cbd890df14d08.pdf
2020-03-20
123
138
10.30476/smsj.2020.84095.1076
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Metabolic Syndrome
Cognition
Affect
Emotions
Maryam
Fatemi
maryamfatemi89@yahoo.com
1
M.A. Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Azam
Davoodi
davoodi.azam@yahoo.com
2
Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2010; 376(9746):1094–1108
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Radner H, Lesperance T, Accortt NA, Solomon DH. Incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017; 69(10):1510–1518
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Kvien TK, Uhlig T, Odegard S, Heiberg MS. Epidemiological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: the sex ratio. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1069:212-222
3
McDougall C, Hurd K, Barnabe C. Systematic review of rheumatic disease epidemiology in the indigenous populations of Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017; 46(5): 675-686
4
Davatchi F, Sandoughi M, Moghimi N, Jamshidi AR, Tehrani Banihashemi A, Zakeri Z, et al. Epidemiology of rheumatic diseases in Iran from analysis of four COPCORD studies. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016; 19(11): 1056 - 1062 (In Persian)
5
Akbarian M, Salehi I. Rheumatoid arthritis. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 2006. P. 84. (In Persian)
6
Knittle K, Maes S, De Gucht V. Psychological interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: examining the role of self-regulation with a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) .2010; 62: 1460– 1472
7
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285(19):2486-2497
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Targher G, Bertolini L, Tessari R, Zenari L, Arcaro G. The International Diabetes Federation definition of the metabolic syndrome independently predicts future cardiovascular events in Type 2 diabetic patients. The Valpolicella Heart Diabetes Study. Diabetic Med. 2006; 23(11):1270-1271
9
Fauzi NF, Harith RM. Coping with Stress: Evaluation on Metabolic Syndrome Patients in Hospital University Sains Malasyia. Int Med J 2017; 24(1):27-30
10
Farmanfarma Kh K, Kaykhaei MA, Adineh HA, Mohammadi M, Dabiri S, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in IRAN: A Meta-Analysis of 69 studies. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clin Res & Rev.2018; 13:792-799
11
Mobini M, Niksolat F, Mohamadpour A, Sadr S, Dashti Dargahloo S. Comparing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: A cross sectional study. Rheum Res J .2018; 3(2):69-73
12
Oliveria BMG, Medeiros MMC, Cerqueire JVM, Quixada RTS. Metabolic Syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed at a University Hospital in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Rheum Engl Ed .2016; 56(2):117-125
13
Meissner Y, Richter A, Manger B, Tony HP, Wilden E, Listing J, et al. Serious adverse events and the risk of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the German RABBIT cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76(9)
14
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Wells A , King P. Meta cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: An open trial, J Behav Ther and Exp Psychiatry.2006b; 37: 206–212
17
Wells A. The anxious thoughts inventory and related measures of metacognition and worry, in book “worry and its psychological disorders; theory assessments and treatment” edited by: Graham, C. L. Davey and Adrian wells. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. England. 2006a; 121-136
18
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Mohammadi N, Aghayosefi A, Alipour A, Nikrahan G, Sadeghi M, Roohafza H. The Comparison of Negative and Positive Psychological Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease with and without Metabolic Syndrome. J Res Behav Sci. 2018; 15(4): 480-487
20
Stellar J E, John-Henderson N, Anderson C L, Gordon AM, McNeil G D, et al. Positive affect and markers of inflammation: Discrete positive emotions predict lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Emotion.2015; 15: 129-135
21
Moons WG, Eisenberger NI, Taylor SE. Anger and fear responses to stress have different biological profiles. Brain, Behav, Immun.2010; 24: 215–219
22
Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO, 3rd, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: An American College of Rheumatology /European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum.2010; 62(9): 2569-2581 DOI: 10.1002/art.27584.
23
Wells A, Cert wright -Hatton S. A short from of metacognition questionnaire. Behav Res Ther.2004; 42:385-396
24
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25
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Kajbaf MB, Oreyzi Samani Sm, Khodabakhshi M. Standardization, reliability, and validity of optimism scale in Esfahan and a survey of relationship between optimism, selfmastery, and depression. Psych Stu. 2006; 2(1-2): 51-68 )In Persian(
27
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28
Bakhshipour R, Dezhkam M. A confirmatory factor analysis of the positive affect and negative affect scales (PANAS). J Psych. 2006; 9(4): 351-365 (In Persian)
29
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30
Cohen BE, Panguluri P, Na B, Whooley MA. Psychological risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 175(1-2): 133-137
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34
Neili Xu, Zhao S, Xue H, Fu W, Liu L, Zhang T, et al. Associations of perceived social support and positive psychological resources with fatigue symptom in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12(3): e0173293.
35
Mohammadi L, Besharat MA, Rezazade MR, Lavasani MG. The mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. J Psych .2018; 22:157-171.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Association of Fast Food Consumption and Short-Term Memory in Students Residing in Dormitories of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that fast food consumption is correlated to different aspects of cognitive functioning. This study aimed at investigating the association between fast-food consumption and short-term memory in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 182 undergraduate students were selected using a simple random sampling method from affiliated dormitories of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Demographic and anthropometric data and the frequency of fast food, salad, soft drink, and doogh consumption were obtained from each person. Then, Wechsler standard memory test was carried out to evaluate short-term memory. Results: According to the results, respectively 1.3%, 18.4%, 25.3%, and 55.1% of the students consumed fast food less than once, 1-2 times, 3-4 times, 5 times, and more per week. Although fast-food consumption was higher in girls and seniors compared to boys and freshmen students, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between fast food and salad consumption with short-term memory (P = 0.556 and P = 0.051, respectively); however, higher consumption of fast food and salad was accompanied by lower memory score. Besides, short-term memory was positively correlated with soft drinks (P <0.001) and inversely with doogh, (P <0.001). Conclusion: fast food consumption is high in dormitory residents and its consumption is related to the lower score of short term memory.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46683_8c2ef5f161a345096f9bb89278055b28.pdf
2020-03-20
139
150
10.30476/smsj.2020.83584.1066
Fast food
Student
Dormitory
Cognitive function
Memory
Marzieh
Akbarzadeh
m_akbarzadeh@sums.ac.ir
1
Assistant Professor, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Emad
Mortazavi
emad74.mortazavi@gmail.com
2
B.Sc., School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Romina
Davoudpour
romina_davoudpour1996@yahoo.com
3
M.Sc. Student, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Malihe
Karamizadeh
malihekarami1370@gmail.com
4
M.Sc., Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Sohrabi
zahra_2043@yahoo.com
5
M.Sc., Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alsabieh M, Alqahtani M, Altamimi A, Albasha A, Alsulaiman A, Alkhamshi A, et al. Fast food consumption and its associations with heart rate, blood pressure, cognitive function and quality of life. Pilot study. Heliyon. 2019;5(5):e01566.
1
Sanaye S, Azargashb E, Derisi MM, Zamani A, Keyvanfar A. Assessing knowledge and attitudes toward fast foods among students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 1394. 2016.
2
Fazelpour S, Baghianimoghadam M, Nagharzadeh A, Fallahzadeh H, Shamsi F, Khabiri F. Assessment of fast food concumption among people of Yazd city. 2011.
3
Dadipoor S, Madani A, Ghanbarnejad A, Safari Moradabadi A, Amani F, Hosseini M, et al. Effective Factors related to Fast-foods Consumption in Bandar Abbas: A Community-Based Study. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2014;2(2):77-86.
4
Purtell KM, Gershoff ET. Fast Food Consumption and Academic Growth in Late Childhood. Clinical pediatrics. 2015;54(9):871-7.
5
Powell LM, Han E, Chaloupka FJ. Economic contextual factors, food consumption, and obesity among U.S. adolescents. The Journal of nutrition. 2010;140(6):1175-80.
6
Mohammadbeigi A, Asgarian A, Moshir E, Heidari H, Afrashteh S, Khazaei S, et al. Fast food consumption and overweight/obesity prevalence in students and its association with general and abdominal obesity. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene. 2018;59(3):E236.
7
Bakhtiyari M, Ehrampoush E, Enayati N, Rastmanesh R, Delpisheh A, Zayeri F, et al. Correlation between fast food consumption and levels of anxiety in students of medical science universities in Tehran. 2011.
8
Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. Macro and micro-nutrients intake, food groups consumption and dietary habits among female students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2012;14(4):204.
9
Asadi A, Sohanaki Azad M, Ghavam Sadri M, Tabibi H. Evaluation of fat, cholesterol, fiber and high fat foods intake among nutrition students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in spring 2004. 9th Iranian Nutrition Congress, 4 - 7 September 2006; Tabriz - Iran: Tabtiz university of medical sciences; 2006 [in persian].
10
Blades M, Kobayashi F. Academic achievement, BMI, and fast food intake of American and Japanese college students. Nutrition & Food Science. 2009.
11
Fortune NC, Harville EW, Guralnik JM, Gustat J, Chen W, Qi L, et al. Dietary intake and cognitive function: evidence from the Bogalusa Heart Study. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2019;109(6):1656-63.
12
Gowey MA, Reiter-Purtill J, Becnel J, Peugh J, Mitchell JE, Zeller MH. Weight-related correlates of psychological dysregulation in adolescent and young adult (AYA) females with severe obesity. Appetite. 2016;99:211-8.
13
Chong CP, Shahar S, Haron H, Din NC. Habitual sugar intake and cognitive impairment among multi-ethnic Malaysian older adults. Clinical interventions in aging. 2019;14:1331-42.
14
Kim JY, Kang SW. Relationships between Dietary Intake and Cognitive Function in Healthy Korean Children and Adolescents. Journal of lifestyle medicine. 2017;7(1):10-7.
15
Mohd Nasir MT, Norimah AK, Hazizi AS, Nurliyana AR, Loh SH, Suraya I. Child feeding practices, food habits, anthropometric indicators and cognitive performance among preschoolers in Peninsular Malaysia. Appetite. 2012;58(2):525-30.
16
Pearson KE, Wadley VG, McClure LA, Shikany JM, Unverzagt FW, Judd SE. Dietary patterns are associated with cognitive function in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Journal of nutritional science. 2016;5:e38.
17
Chan R, Chan D, Woo J. A cross sectional study to examine the association between dietary patterns and cognitive impairment in older Chinese people in Hong Kong. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2013;17(9):757-65.
18
Solhi M, Shirzad M. Situation of fruits and vegetables consumption in the dormitory female students based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Health Literacy. 2016;1(2):129-36.
19
Nader F, Ahmadi A, Faghih F, Zare L, Rashidian H, Ahmadi M. Investigation of the association between socioeconomic indicators and dormitory resident students’nutrition status in shiraz university of medical science. 2009.
20
Wang M, Norman JE, Srinivasan VJ, Rutledge JC. Metabolic, inflammatory, and microvascular determinants of white matter disease and cognitive decline. American journal of neurodegenerative disease. 2016;5(5):171-7.
21
Greenwood CE, Winocur G. High-fat diets, insulin resistance and declining cognitive function. Neurobiology of aging. 2005;26(1):42-5.
22
Loef M, Walach H. Fruit, vegetables and prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review of cohort studies. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2012;16(7):626-30.
23
Mottaghi T, Amirabdollahian F, Haghighatdoost F. Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017;72.
24
Philippou E, Constantinou M. The influence of glycemic index on cognitive functioning: a systematic review of the evidence. Adv Nutr. 2014;5(2):119-30.
25
Kanoski SE, Davidson TL. Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity. Physiology & behavior. 2011;103(1):59-68.
26
Micha R, Rogers PJ, Nelson M. The glycaemic potency of breakfast and cognitive function in school children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(9):948-57.
27
Quas JA, Yim IS, Edelstein RS, Cahill L, Rush EB. The role of cortisol reactivity in children's and adults' memory of a prior stressful experience. Developmental psychobiology. 2011;53(2):166-74.
28
Adimi Naghan P, Setareh J, Khoundabi B, Panahi A, Rajabi K. The Effect of Doogh (Yogurt Drink) on Reaction Time and Vigilance-Sleepiness of Healthy Young Adults. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2018;12(1):e56000.
29
Alhola P, Polo-Kantola P. Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2007.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Twelve Week Neurofeedback Training on Perceptual Pain Intensity, Fear of Pain, Pelvic Drop, and Dynamic Knee Valgus Index in Men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Introduction: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is accompanied by Pelvic Drop and Valgus Dynamic Knee. Pain And fear of pain have been reported as some mechanisms of its occurrence. The present study is to investigate the effect of twelve-week neurofeedback training on perceptual pain intensity, fear of pain, pelvic drop, and dynamic knee valgus index in men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Methods: 32 patients with PFPS participated in this study. They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The instruments used in this study consist of the VAS scale for pain, McNeil questionnaire for fear of pain, camera and Kinova Software for pelvis drop and dynamic valgus index when going down the stairs. The experimental group performed neurofeedback training for twelve weeks, 3 times per week, and 30 Min per Session; however, the control group did not receive any treatment during this time. The covariance statistical method was used through SPSS software, version 21, for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the experimental group after twelve weeks of neurofeedback training had significant improvement in pain reduction(0/001), fear of pain (P = 0.004) and Valgus Knee Dynamics Index (P = 0.005); however, there was no significant improvement in drop pelvis (P = 0.45). Conclusion: It seems that the pelvic drop and Knee Dynamic Valgus Index are influenced by perceptual pain intensity and fear of pain. Dynamic Knee Valgus Index has been significantly influenced by perceptual pain intensity and fear of pain since it decreased after twelve weeks of neurofeedback training.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46684_ba2487d58a8aab6461ef22b1115fc5d7.pdf
2020-03-20
151
164
10.30476/smsj.2020.85151.1108
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Pelvic Drop
Dynamic Knee Valgus
Fear of Pain
Mohamadreza
Ahmadi
mohammadreza.ahmadi189@gmail.com
1
Collegian MSc, Department of sport injuries and corrective exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Yalfani
ali_yalfani@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of sport injuries and corrective exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Gandomi
gandomi777@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of sport injuries and corrective exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Khosro
Rashid
khosrorashid@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Smith BE, Selfe J, Thacker D, Hendrick P, Bateman M, Moffatt F, Rathleff MS, Smith TO, Logan P. Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2018;13(1): 0190892.
1
Witvrouw E, Callaghan MJ, Stefanik JJ, Noehren B, Bazett-Jones DM, Willson JD, Earl-Boehm JE, Davis IS, Powers CM, McConnell J, Crossley KM. Patellofemoral pain: consensus statement from the 3rd International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat held in Vancouver. Br J Sports Med. 2014 ;48(6):411-4.
2
Petersen W, Rembitzki I, Liebau C. Patellofemoral pain in athletes. Open access journal of sports medicine. 2017;8:143.
3
Rathleff MS, Samani A, Olesen JL, Roos EM, Rasmussen S, Madeleine P. Effect of exercise therapy on neuromuscular activity and knee strength in female adolescents with patellofemoral pain—an ancillary analysis of a cluster randomized trial. Clinical Biomechanics. 2016 ;34:22-9.
4
Boling M, Padua D, Marshall S, Guskiewicz K, Pyne S, Beutler A. Gender differences in the incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2010;20(5):725-30.
5
Ferrari D, Briani RV, de Oliveira Silva D, Pazzinatto MF, Ferreira AS, Alves N, de Azevedo FM. Higher pain level and lower functional capacity are associated with the number of altered kinematics in women with patellofemoral pain. Gait & posture. 2018;60:268-72.
6
Lankhorst NE, van Middelkoop M, Crossley KM, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Oei EH, Vicenzino B, Collins NJ. Factors that predict a poor outcome 5–8 years after the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain: a multicentre observational analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(14):881-6.
7
Powers CM, Witvrouw E, Davis IS, Crossley KM. Evidence-based framework for a pathomechanical model of patellofemoral pain: 2017 patellofemoral pain consensus statement from the 4th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Manchester, UK: part 3. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(24):1713-23.
8
Di Staulo AM, Scholtes SA, Salsich GB. A descriptive report of the variability in 3D hip and knee kinematics during a single limb squat in women who have patellofemoral pain and visually classified dynamic knee valgus. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2019 8:1-0.
9
Gwynne CR, Curran SA. Two-dimensional frontal plane projection angle can identify subgroups of patellofemoral pain patients who demonstrate dynamic knee valgus. Clinical Biomechanics. 2018;58:44-8.
10
De Almeida Novello A, Garbelotti Jr S, dos Anjos Rabelo ND, Ferraz AN, Bley AS, Correa JC, Politti F, Lucareli PR. Descending stairs: Good or bad task to discriminate women with patellofemoral pain?. Gait & posture. 2018 ;65:26-32.
11
Bell DR, Padua DA, Clark MA. Muscle strength and flexibility characteristics of people displaying excessive medial knee displacement. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2008;89(7):1323-8.
12
De Oliveira Silva D, Briani RV, Pazzinatto MF, Ferrari D, Aragão FA, de Azevedo FM. Reduced knee flexion is a possible cause of increased loading rates in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Clinical Biomechanics. 2015;30(9):971-5.
13
Waiteman MC, Briani RV, Pazzinatto MF, Ferreira AS, Ferrari D, de Oliveira Silva D, de Azevedo FM. Relationship between knee abduction moment with patellofemoral joint reaction force, stress and self-reported pain during stair descent in women with patellofemoral pain. Clinical Biomechanics. 2018;59:110-6.
14
Noehren B, Shuping L, Jones A, Akers DA, Bush HM, Sluka KA. Somatosensory and biomechanical abnormalities in females with patellofemoral pain. The Clinical journal of pain. 2016;32(10):915.
15
Doménech J, Sanchis-Alfonso V, Espejo B. Changes in catastrophizing and kinesiophobia are predictive of changes in disability and pain after treatment in patients with anterior knee pain. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy. 2014;22(10):2295-300.
16
Maclachlan LR, Matthews M, Hodges PW, Collins NJ, Vicenzino B. The psychological features of patellofemoral pain: a cross-sectional study. Scandinavian journal of pain. 2018;18(2):261-71.
17
Domenech J, Sanchis-Alfonso V, López L, Espejo B. Influence of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing on pain and disability in anterior knee pain patients. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2013;21(7):1562-8.
18
Hammond DC. What is neurofeedback?. Journal of neurotherapy. 2007;10(4):25-36.
19
Malek M, Halvani GH, Fallah H. A study of the relationship between the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and road accidents among truck drivers. Occupational Medicine quarterly journal. 2011;3(1):14-20.
20
Piva SR, Fitzgerald K, Irrgang JJ, Jones S, Hando BR, Browder DA, Childs JD. Reliability of measures of impairments associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2006;7(1):33.
21
Roper JL, Harding EM, Doerfler D, Dexter JG, Kravitz L, Dufek JS, Mermier CM. The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: A randomized trial. Clinical biomechanics. 2016;35:14-22.
22
Liao TC, Powers CM. Tibiofemoral kinematics in the transverse and frontal planes influence the location and magnitude of peak patella cartilage stress: An investigation of runners with and without patellofemoral pain. Clinical Biomechanics. 2019 ;62:72-8.
23
Rathleff MS, Samani A, Olesen JL, Roos EM, Rasmussen S, Madeleine P. Effect of exercise therapy on neuromuscular activity and knee strength in female adolescents with patellofemoral pain—an ancillary analysis of a cluster randomized trial. Clinical Biomechanics. 2016;34:22-9.
24
McNeil DW, Kennedy SG, Randall CL, Addicks SH, Wright CD, Hursey KG, Vaglienti R. Fear of Pain Questionnaire‐9: Brief assessment of pain‐related fear and anxiety. European Journal of Pain. 2018;22(1):39-48.
25
Kachooei AR, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Erfani-Sayyar R, Salehi M, Salimi E, Razi S. Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2): a cross-cultural adaptation and validation study of the Persian version in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Archives of bone and joint surgery. 2015;3(1):45.
26
Goto S, Aminaka N, Gribble PA. Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity, Kinematics, and Dynamic Postural Control in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2018;27(6):505-12.
27
Briani RV, Pazzinatto MF, Waiteman MC, de Oliveira Silva D, de Azevedo FM. Association between increase in vertical ground reaction force loading rate and pain level in women with patellofemoral pain after a patellofemoral joint loading protocol. The Knee. 2018;25(3) ;398-405.
28
Scholtes SA, Salsich GB. A dynamic valgus index that combines hip and knee angles: assessment of utility in females with patellofemoral pain. International journal of sports physical therapy. 2017;12(3):333.
29
Cunha AB, Babik I, Harbourne R, Cochran NJ, Stankus J, Szucs K, Lobo MA. Assessing the Validity and Reliability of a New Video Goniometer App for Measuring Joint Angles in Adults and Children. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2019;3(1):45.
30
Yakut E, Bayar B, Meriç A, Bayar K, Yakut Y. Reliability and validity of reverse visual analog scale (right to left) in different intensity of pain. The Pain Clinic. 2003;15(1):1-6.
31
Mahdieh Rahmanian, Zahra Sarvarian, Maryam Zamani. Compare the Effectiveness of Music Therapy and Neurofeedback on Psychosomatic Disorder Pain Relief. Neuropsychology .2016;24(6):52-23.
32
Hamid s, Gholizadeh z, Maryame e. Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Risky Decision Making. Neuropsychology.2018;26(4): 109-120.
33
Merkle SL, Sluka KA, Frey-Law LA. The interaction between pain and movement. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2018; 22(1):39-48.
34
Frank C, Page P, Lardner R. Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: the Janda approach. Human kinetics; 2009.
35
Gracely RH, Geisser ME, Giesecke T, Grant MA, Petzke F, Williams DA, Clauw DJ. Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia. Brain. 2004;127(4):835-43.
36
Kayıran S, Dursun E, Dursun N, Ermutlu N, Karamürsel S. Neurofeedback intervention in fibromyalgia syndrome; a randomized, controlled, rater blind clinical trial. Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback. 2010;35(4):293-302.
37
Enriquez-Geppert S, Huster RJ, Ros T, Wood G. Neurofeedback. InTheory-driven approaches to cognitive enhancement. 2017 (pp. 147-164).
38
Ibric VL, Dragomirescu LG. Neurofeedback in pain management. Introduction to quantitative EEG and neurofeedback: Advanced theory and applications 2nd ed. 2009 ;13:417-51.
39
HAMID S, GHOLIZADEH Z, MARYAM E. Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Risky Decision Making. Neuropsychology .2017; 3(10): 109-120.
40
Razieh Hojabrnia1, Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni. Improvement of Visual and Spatial Memory as a Result of Neurofeedback with an Emphasis on Decreasing Beta Wave and Increasing SMR Wave. Neuropsychology. 2018; 9(12 ): 12 9-140.
41
Marzbani H, Marateb HR, Mansourian M. Neurofeedback: a comprehensive review on system design, methodology and clinical applications. Basic and clinical neuroscience. 2016;7(2):143.
42
Jensen MP, Sherlin LH, Askew RL, Fregni F, Witkop G, Gianas A, Howe JD, Hakimian S. Effects of non-pharmacological pain treatments on brain states. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2013;124(10):20-24.
43
Trullinger M, Pradhan D, Bruns TA, Clark BB. Benefits of combining neurofeedback and physical therapy for chronic pain: A case study. Journal of Surgery and Rehabilitation. 2017;8(3)354-362.
44
Jensen R, Hystad T, Baerheim A. Knee function and pain related to psychological variables in patients with long-term patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2005;35(9):594-600.
45
Doménech J, Sanchis-Alfonso V, Espejo B. Changes in catastrophizing and kinesiophobia are predictive of changes in disability and pain after treatment in patients with anterior knee pain. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy. 2014;22(10):2295-300.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Applications and Methodology of Case- study as a Community based Research in Nursing
Research is a way of developing a body of knowledge and movement toward an influential profession. A case study has been commonly used in humanistic and medical sciences, even though generally was considered an underutilized strategy in community-based nursing especially in Iran; so we decided to introduce nurse researchers with detailed issues of this research strategy in this article. Some researches reiterated case studies' appropriateness in theory generation when dealing with new phenomena, events, techniques, processes, or a complex real-life activity in a great-depth and holistic view. Some authors criticized this research strategy as lacking scientific rigor and not addressing generalization. Therefore, it is underutilized in nursing. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the appropriateness of the case study as a nursing research strategy and discussing methodological considerations about it.To this end, we reviewed recent literature consisting 46 references (11 textbooks of nursing research) and other articles and books on case study methodology from medical and nursing databases. The result was the extraction of the main concepts such as different case studies' applications, methods, and designs to planning, conducting and reporting a case study research as well as other issues such as sampling, data gathering, analysis, and reporting of derived results with several examples in each section and discussing considerations about this strategy. To conclude, there are possibilities in nursing clinical, administrational, and educational issues as well as preventive health care for doing case studies in nursing. Thus nurses should know case-studies' methodology and practice to be able to conduct it appropriately when necessary.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46685_ecb00f89b3fc71624a31ae069ca0d072.pdf
2020-03-20
165
180
10.30476/smsj.2020.87030.1141
Case study
Nursing research
Research methodology
Review article
Community-based nursing
Parvaneh
Khorasani
1
Assistant Professor in Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Zinat
Mohebi
mohebbi04@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor and Director of Nursing, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahboobeh
Magharei
3
Instructor, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Watson R, Mckenna H, Cowman S, Keady J. Nursing research designs and methods. Churchill Livingston Elsevier; 2008. P. 14-17.
1
Kirby S. A historical perspective on the contrasting experiences of nurses as research subjects and research activists. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2004; 10(6): 272-279.
2
Halloway I, wheeler S. Qualitative research in nursing. 2nd ed. Blackwell publishing; 2001.
3
Burns N, Grove KS. The practice of Nursing Research, Conduct, Critique & Utilization. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. Elsevier; 2005: p: 238-239 & 266-269.
4
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Different Oral Anticoagulants Safety and Efficacy for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation with Complicated Situations
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias that expose patients to thromboembolic events and hemodynamic instabilities. These events increase the risk of developing heart failure, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and dementia that eventually increase the rate of mortality in patients. The use of anticoagulants can prevent the mentioned severe adverse events. Two commonly used oral anticoagulant groups in AF patients are vitamin K antagonists (warfarin) and non-vitamin K oral antagonists (NOACs) that consist of direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct factor IIa inhibitors. Previous research proved the efficacy of both groups in reducing ischemic events in AF patients. In this review article, we were to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of these agents in reducing ischemic and thromboembolic events in AF patients with complicated risk factors such as chronic kidney disease, prosthetic heart valve, history of previous intracranial hemorrhage, etc. Finally, the reversal agents of these anticoagulants have been reviewed in case of severe bleeding, intoxication, and the urgent need for emergency surgery.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46686_2a35533748d4c9b90e232aea9fbbdf34.pdf
2020-03-20
181
192
10.30476/smsj.2020.85105.1109
Atrial Fibrillation
Anticoagulant
Stroke
Bleeding
Thrombosis
Afsaneh
Vazin
vazeena@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
AUTHOR
Bahareh
Forouzani Haghighi
ba_foruzan@sums.ac.ir
2
PhD Candidate in Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;64(21):e1-e76.
1
Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. Jama. 2001;285(18):2370-5.
2
Chao T-F, Liu C-J, Tuan T-C, Chen T-J, Hsieh M-H, Lip GY, et al. Lifetime risks, projected numbers, and adverse outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the Taiwan nationwide AF cohort study. Chest. 2018;153(2):453-66.
3
Chang T-Y, Liao J-N, Chao T-F, Vicera JJ, Lin C-Y, Tuan T-C, et al. Oral anticoagulant use for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients with difficult scenarios. IJC heart & vasculature. 2018;20:56-62.
4
Reilly PA, Lehr T, Haertter S, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S, Eikelboom JW, et al. The effect of دبیگاتران plasma concentrations and patient characteristics on the frequency of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in atrial fibrillation patients: the RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;63(4):321-8.
5
Halperin JL, Wojdyla D, Piccini JP, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Breithardt G, et al. Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin among elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the ROCKET-AF trial. Am Heart Assoc; 2012.
6
Halvorsen S, Atar D, Yang H, De Caterina R, Erol C, Garcia D, et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin according to age for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: observations from the ARISTOTLE trial. European heart journal. 2014;35(28):1864-72.
7
Kato ET, Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Koretsune Y, Yamashita T, Kiss RG, et al. Efficacy and safety of edoxaban in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in the ENGAGE AF–TIMI 48 trial. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016;5(5):e003432.
8
Mant J, Hobbs FR, Fletcher K, Roalfe A, Fitzmaurice D, Lip GY, et al. Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2007;370(9586):493-503.
9
Baber U, Howard VJ, Halperin JL, Soliman EZ, Zhang X, McClellan W, et al. Association of chronic kidney disease with atrial fibrillation among adults in the United States: REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2011;4(1):26-32.
10
Bonde AN, Lip GY, Kamper A-L, Hansen PR, Lamberts M, Hommel K, et al. Net clinical benefit of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: a nationwide observational cohort study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;64(23):2471-82.
11
Böhm M, Ezekowitz MD, Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Hohnloser SH, Reilly PA, et al. Changes in renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the RE-LY trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2015;65(23):2481-93.
12
Hohnloser SH, Hijazi Z, Thomas L, Alexander JH, Amerena J, Hanna M, et al. Efficacy of apixaban when compared with warfarin in relation to renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. European heart journal. 2012;33(22):2821-30.
13
Hart RG, Eikelboom JW, Brimble KS, McMurtry MS, Ingram AJ. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2013;29(7):S71-S8.
14
Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Gorst-Rasmussen A, Skjøth F, Rasmussen LH, Lip GY. Intracranial hemorrhage and subsequent ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Chest. 2015;147(6):1651-8.
15
Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery. 2016;50(5):e1-e88.
16
Ezekowitz MD, Nagarakanti R, Noack H, Brueckmann M, Litherland C, Jacobs M, et al. Comparison of dabigatran and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: the RE-LY Trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy). Circulation. 2016;134(8):589-98.
17
Avezum A, Lopes R, Schulte P, Lanas F, Hanna M, Pais P, et al. apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease: findings from the ARISTOTLE study. European heart journal. 2013;34(suppl_1).
18
Breithardt G, Baumgartner H, Berkowitz SD, Hellkamp AS, Piccini JP, Stevens SR, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease participating in the ROCKET AF trial. European heart journal. 2014;35(47):3377-85.
19
De Caterina R, Renda G, Carnicelli AP, Nordio F, Trevisan M, Mercuri MF, et al. Valvular heart disease patients on edoxaban or warfarin in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(11):1372-82.
20
January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, Chen LY, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;74(1):104-32.
21
Shazly A, Afifi A. RE-ALIGN: First trial of novel oral anticoagulant in patients with mechanical heart valves–The search continues. Global Cardiology Science and Practice. 2014;2014(1):13.
22
Pokorney SD, Rao MP, Wojdyla DM, Gersh BJ, Lopes RD, Lewis BS, et al. apixaban use in patients with atrial fibrillation with bioprosthetic valves: insights from ARISTOTLE. Circulation. 2015;132(suppl_3):A17277-A.
23
Plitt A, Ezekowitz MD, De Caterina R, Nordio F, Peterson N, Giugliano RP, et al. Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in ENGAGE AF‐TIMI 48. Clinical cardiology. 2016;39(6):345-6.
24
Dewilde W, Ten Berg J. Design and rationale of the WOEST trial: What is the Optimal antiplatElet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with oral anticoagulation and coronary StenTing (WOEST). American heart journal. 2009;158(5):713-8.
25
Cannon CP, Gropper S, Bhatt DL, Ellis SG, Kimura T, Lip GY, et al. Design and Rationale of the RE‐DUAL PCI Trial: A Prospective, Randomized, Phase 3b Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Dual Antithrombotic Therapy With dabigatran Etexilate Versus Warfarin Triple Therapy in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Who Have Undergone Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Stenting. Clinical cardiology. 2016;39(10):555-64.
26
Gibson CM, Mehran R, Bode C, Halperin J, Verheugt F, Wildgoose P, et al. An open-label, randomized, controlled, multicenter study exploring two treatment strategies of rivaroxaban and a dose-adjusted oral vitamin K antagonist treatment strategy in subjects with atrial fibrillation who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PIONEER AF-PCI). American heart journal. 2015;169(4):472-8. e5.
27
Kuo L, Chao TF, Liu CJ, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, et al. Liver cirrhosis in patients with atrial fibrillation: would oral anticoagulation have a net clinical benefit for stroke prevention? Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017;6(6):e005307.
28
Kustos SA, Fasinu PS. Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and Their Reversal Agents—An Update. Medicines. 2019;6(4):103.
29
Siegal DM, Curnutte JT, Connolly SJ, Lu G, Conley PB, Wiens BL, et al. Andexanet alfa for the reversal of factor Xa inhibitor activity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;373(25):2413-24.
30
Ansell JE, Bakhru SH, Laulicht BE, Steiner SS, Grosso MA, Brown K, et al. Single-dose ciraparantag safely and completely reverses anticoagulant effects of edoxaban. Thrombosis and haemostasis. 2017;117(02):238-45.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Psychiatric Drugs on Blood Glucose and Lipid in Patients
Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among clients referred to primary care and general practitioners. Given that the main core of treatment in these patients is medication, these psychiatric drugs can cause long-term complications such as a decrease or increase in blood glucose and lipid. In this review study, the effects of these drugs on blood glucose and lipid in Iran have been addressed. It should be noted that blood glucose and lipid levels can be affected by several factors including environmental factors, geography, race, ethnicity, and even skin color. Moreover, many relevant studies approved the relationships among these variables repeatedly. In this review study, international databases of Web of Knowledge, ISI, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Noormags databases (as national ones) were searched up to the end of 2019. Finally, eight studies out of 30 were investigated. The Total number of subjects studied in this study was 824 in 8 articles, which included six clinical trials, one descriptive study, and one case-control study. In general, in the present review study, most studies indicate the increasing effect of serotonin-dopamine antagonist antipsychotics on blood glucose (so clozapine and then risperidone, from this drug class, have a greater effect on the development of this complication), as well as the effects of dopamine antagonist antipsychotics on lipid profile in patients. Comparing clomipramine and fluoxetine, clomipramine increased blood glucose and lipids, but fluoxetine did not have these complications.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46687_4c08d47fb2c1cf6ad9c45f37ac2ea6c9.pdf
2020-03-20
193
202
10.30476/smsj.2020.81859.1010
Blood glucose
Psychiatric Agents
Blood Lipids
Antipsychotic Agents
Antidepressive Agents
Reza
Zeighami
behsare@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. in nursing education, assistant professor and faculty member of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Arghavan
Raesolhagh
a.raesolhagh@gmail.com
2
MSc Student of Psychiatric Nursing, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Serrano- blanco A, Palao DJ, Luciano JV, PintoMeza A, Lujan L, Fernandez A. Prevalence of mental disorders in primary care: Results from the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care study (DASMAP). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2009; 45: 201-10.
1
Sharifi V, Daliri S, Amini H, Mohammadi M. Psychiatric Problems in General Outpatient Clinics: Prevalence and Reasons for Help Seeking. IJPCP 2011;16(4):484-9. (In Persian)
2
Sadock VA, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
3
Fadai F. The important role of mental disorder in social problems. J Rehabil 2007; 29: 6-7. (in Persian)
4
Preskorn SH. Baker B. Fatality associated with combined fluoxetine-amitriptyline therapy. JAMA. 1997; 277: 682.
5
Ferslew KE, Hagardorn AN, HarlanGC, McCormick WE. A fatal drug interaction between clozapine and fluoxetine. J Forensic Sci. 1998; 43: 1082-1085.
6
Preskorn SH. Fatal drug interactions as a differential consideration in apparent suicides. J Psych Prac 2002; 8: 233_238.
7
Richard IH, Kurlan R, Tanner C, Factor S, Hubble J, Suchowersky O, Waters C, Parkinson Study Group. Serotonin syndrome and the combined use of deprenyl and an antidepressant in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1997;48(4):1070-6.
8
Roughead E, Mc dermott B, Gilbert A. Antideppressants: prevalence of duplicate therapy and avoidable drug interactions in Australian veterans. Australian and New Zeland Journal of Psychiatry 2007; 41:366-370.
9
Robinson RF, Nahata MC, Olshefski RS. Syncope associated with concurrent amitriptyline and fluconazole therapy. Ann Pharmacother. 2000; 34: 1406-1409.
10
Spigset O, Hedenmalm K, Dahl ML, Wiholm BE, Dahlqvist R. Seizures and myoclonus associated with antidepressant treatment: assessment of potential risk factors, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, and treatment with CYP2D6 inhibitors. Acta Psychiater Scand 1997; 96: 379_384.
11
Preskorn SH. I don't see'em. J Pract Psychiatry Behav Health. 1997; 3: 302-307.
12
Stanford BJ, Stanford SC. Postoperative delirium indicating an adverse drug interaction involving tge selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine J Psychofarmacol. 1999; 13:313-317.
13
Noorbala A, Damari B, Riyazi Esfehani S. Evaluation of mental disorders incidence trend in Iran. Daneshvar (Medicine) Shahed University 2014; 21:112. (In Persian)
14
Mahmood-Abadi HZ, Kayhani M, Rabi M, Mohammadi MR. A survey of knowledge and attitude of nonpsychiatrists (medical specialists) treating major depression. Thrita 2012; 1:30-3.
15
Velligan DI, Sajatovic M, Hatch A, Kramata P, Docherty JP. Why do psychiatric patients stop antipsychotic medication? A systematic review of reasons for nonadherence to medication in patients with serious mental illness. Patient Preference and Adherence 2017; 11:449.
16
Gharakhani M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Sadeghian H, Faghihzadeh S, Kazemi H, Arabkheradmand J. Potential drug interactions in war-injured veterans. Iranian J of War and public Health. 2010; 8: 23-28.
17
Coelho PVV, Brum CA. Interactions between antidepressant and antihypertensive and glucose lowering drugs lowering drugs among patients in the HIPERDIA program, coronel Fabriciano, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. 2009; 25:2229-2236.
18
Fakhary Ali. Comparison of the effect of olanzapine and haloperidol on blood glucose in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Tabriz University of Medical Science [Dissertation]; 2009.
19
Daubresse JC, Kolanowski J, Krzentowski G, Kutnowski M, Scheen A, Van Gaal L. Usefulness of fluoxetine in obese non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics: A multicenter study. Obesity research. 1996;4(4):391-6.
20
Jiwa M, Gudes O, Varhol R, Mullan N. Impact of geography on the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of geocoded clinical data from general practice. BMJ open. 2015; 5(12): 9504.
21
Saad MF, Lillioja S, Nyomba BL, Castillo C, Ferraro R, De Gregorio M, Ravussin E, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Howard BV, Bogardus C. Racial differences in the relation between blood pressure and insulin resistance. New England Journal of Medicine. 1991 Mar 14; 324(11):733-9.
22
Kanaley JA, Giannopoulou I, Tillapaugh-Fay G, Nappi JS, Ploutz-Snyder LL. Racial differences in subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution in postmenopausal black and white women. Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. 2003; 52(2):186-91.
23
Residori L, García-Lorda P, Flancbaum L, Pi-Sunyer FX, Laferrère B. Prevalence of co-morbidities in obese patients before bariatric surgery: effect of race. Obesity surgery. 2003; 13(3):333-40.
24
Voeks JH, McClure LA, Go RC, Prineas RJ, Cushman M, Kissela BM, Roseman JM. Regional differences in diabetes as a possible contributor to the geographic disparity in stroke mortality: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. Stroke. 2008; 39(6):1675-80.
25
Campbell JA, Walker RJ, Smalls BL, Egede LE. Glucose control in diabetes: the impact of racial differences on monitoring and outcomes. Endocrine. 2012; 42(3):471-82.
26
Mohammadi MR, Momeni F, Torkzaban R, Ghaely P. The Effects of Fluoxetine and Clomipramine on Blood Sugar, Cholesterol, and Weight of Obsessive-Compulsive Children and Adolescents. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2003;8(3):12-9.
27
Roohafza H, Khani A, Afshar H, Yazdekhasti S, GOLSHAHI J. Comparing the effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotics on lipid profile. Journal of Isfahan Medical School. 2015; 32 (319): 2394-2400.
28
Mousavi Z, Abdollahian E, Karimian S, Rokni H. Typic and Atypic Antipsychotic Drugs: Comparison of Their Effects on Blood Sugar in Schizophrenic Patients. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2012; 55(3): 139-143.
29
Safa M, Saki M, Mohammadi M R, Delfan B, Tarrahi M J, Rouhandeh M. Comparative study of adverse effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone on blood sugar, lipid and other side effects in psychotic disorders. Yafte 2008; 10 (3):3-11. (In Persian)
30
Masoudzadeh A, Mahmoodi M, Torabizadeh J, Onagh M. Comparison of the Effects of Clozapine, Olanzapine and Risperidone with Haloperidol on Fasting Blood Level of Glucose, Cholesterol and Triglyceride in Patients with Psychotic Disorders. JBUMS 2009; 11 (2):25-30.
31
Omranifard V، Pirzade A. Comparison of the Effects of Drugs of Tipic Anti psychiatric and olanzapine on Fasting Blood Level of Glucose, in psychotic disorders 2006;15(53):25-31.
32
Modabernia M, Shojaee Tehrani H, Jalaly H. The Study of Mean Changes in Fasting Glucose Level and BMI in Psychotic Patients Treated with Olanzapine in Shafa Hospital and Private Clinics of Rasht in 2005-2006. Jour Guilan Uni Med Sci. 2007; 15 (60) :17-25. (In Persian)
33
Meyer JM, Koro CE. The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review. Schizophr Res 2004; 70(1): 1-17.
34
Henderson DC, Cagliero E, Gray C, Nasrallah RA, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157(6): 975-81.
35
Koro CE, Fedder DO, L'Italien GJ, Weiss S, Magder LS, Kreyenbuhl J, et al. An assessment of the independent effects of olanzapine and risperidone exposure on the risk of hyperlipidemia in schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59(11): 1021-6.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Auriculotherapy (Ear Acupuncture) in the Holy Quran
Auriculotherapy (also auricular therapy, ear acupuncture, and auriculoacupuncture) is a health care procedure based on the idea that auricle is a microsystem reflecting the entire body. In this microsystem, a point is considered for each part of the body in the auricle. By manipulating any specific point in the auricle, the corresponding part of the body is stimulated. The physical, mental, or emotional health of individuals is affected by exclusive stimulation of the given points. This therapeutic approach can contribute to the treatment of various diseases. The Holy Quran is a comprehensive source of various sciences, where a great deal of knowledge can be obtained by contemplating its holy verses. The authors of this study put forward the view that this therapeutic approach is initially introduced in chapter 18 of the Holy Quran (verses 10-11 and 18), called “al-Kahf” or“The Cave”. In these verses, it read; “when the youths sought refuge in the cave, they said: 'Lord give us from your mercy and furnish us with rectitude in our affair” (10) “for many years we sealed up their hearing in the cave” (11) and “You might have thought them awake, though they were sleeping” (18). The phrase “sealed up their hearing” has been translated “we stamped their ears and they became anesthetized”. Accordingly, the authors of this study believe that the phrase “sealed up their hearing" in the second verse denotes what is now considered as the basis of the auricular therapy. Also, auriculotherapy can be regarded as one of the interpretations of these verses.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_46688_a77651687cadc6ecacf7d0fad9cc519f.pdf
2020-03-20
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206
10.30476/smsj.2020.82649.1031
Auriculotherapy
Anesthesia
Holy Quran
Khadijeh
Karbalaie
karbalaei@royaninstitute.org
1
PhD of Molecular Genetic, Department of Stem Cells, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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