ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Veterans’ Health Insurance Problems: A Qualitative Research
Background and Objectives: Providing adequate health services is regarded as an important key in maintaining and satisfying veterans, as a main human source. This study aimed to identify the problems of veterans’ health insurance in Iran. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using Delphi technique in 2015. The study population included 30 elite individuals and managers of Martyr Foundation and Veterans Affairs (members of medical committee (n=6), provincial general managers (n=5), and vice-chancellors of health and treatment system in provinces (n=14)). After collecting the data, coding, and classification of information, the priorities and problems of veterans’ insurance were determined. Then, the identified problems and themes were ranked according to the participants’ opinions. Results: According to the results of Delphi technique, the main problems related to health insurance were policy of insurance, financial contributions, coverage, decision makers, services system, monitoring and evaluation, and modeling in providing health services. Conclusion: According to the findings, it is necessary to design and implement a system of internal and independent health insurance for veterans that provides prevention and treatment services.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_43937_4ecb950608afdcd7f43db847bfcd9c54.pdf
2016-12-21
1
10
Veteran
Health insurance
Delphi technique
Qualitative research
Gholamreza
taebi
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Miransari
2
AUTHOR
LaVeist TA, Nickerson KJ, Bowie JV. Attitudes about racism, medical mistrust, and satisfaction with care among African American and white cardiac patients. Medical Care Research and Review. 2000; 57:146-161.
1
Xie X. Hospitalization Expenses Analysis of Chinese Stroke Patients with Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance. Value in Health. 2015; 7(18): 385.
2
Huang F, Gan L. The Impacts of China's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance on Healthcare Expenditures and Health Outcomes. Health economics. 2015 Jan 1. http://www.nber.org/papers/w20873.pdf
3
Kazemipour S. Report of Janbazan satisfaction of medical council. JMERC 2002; 3(1):15-28.
4
Modirian E, Eskandari A. Veterans’ Satisfaction analysis of Disability rating commission. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health. 2010; 2(2):16-21.
5
Taghipour H, Moharamzad Y, Mafi AR, Amini A, Naghizadeh MM, Soroush MR, Namavari A. Quality of life among veterans with war-related unilateral lower extremity amputation: a long-term survey in a prosthesis center in Iran. Journal of Orthopedics trauma. 2009; 23(7):525-30.
6
Aflakseir A, Coleman PG. The influence of religious coping on the mental health of disabled Iranian war veterans. Mental Health, Religion and Culture 2009; 12(2):175-90.
7
Ahmadizadeh MJ, Ahmadi K, Eskandari H, Falsafinejad MR, Borjali A, Anisi J, et al. Improvement in quality of life after exposure, problem solving and combined therapy in chronic war related war-related post traumatic disorder. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2010; 5:292-266.
8
Najafi M, Mohammadi Far MA, Dabiri S, Kamari AA. The comparison of the quality of life in veterans with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health 2011; 3(11): 2-35.
9
Tavalaei SA, Habibi M, Asaari SH, Ghaneei M, Naderi Z, Khateri SH, et al. Quality of life in chemical veterans 15 years after exposure to mustard gas. Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2007; 1(1): 17-25. (Persian)
10
Aflakseir A, Coleman PG. The influence of religious coping on the mental health of disabled Iranian war veterans. Mental Health, Religion and Culture 2009; 12(2):175-190.
11
Ebrahimzadeh MH, Fattahi AS. Long term follow up of Iranian veteran lower limb amputees from Iraq-Iran war, a study of 168 case. Kosar Med J 2004; 10:190-220. (Persian)
12
Hossaini Farhangi S, Dortaj F, Talebi M, Ghaemi F. Satisfaction of veterans from complemented insurance services. Tebjanbaz Journal 2009; 1(4):86-105. (Persian)
13
Boyle MA, Lahey JN. Health insurance and the labor supply decisions of older workers: Evidence from a US Department of Veterans Affairs expansion. Journal of public economics. 2010; 94(7):467-78.
14
Bryant RR, Samaranayake VA, Wilhite A. The effect of military service on the subsequent civilian wage of the post-Vietnam veteran. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 1993; 33(1):15-31.
15
O'toole TP, Conde‐Martel A, Gibbon JL, Hanusa BH, Fine MJ. Health care of homeless veterans. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2003; 18(11):929-33.
16
Harada ND, Damron-Rodriguez J, Villa VM, Washington DL, Dhanani S, Shon H, Chattopadhyay M, Fishbein H, Lee M, Makinodan T, Andersen R. Veteran identity and race/ethnicity: influences on VA outpatient care utilization. Medical Care 2002; 40(1): 1-117.
17
Yu XI. The socioeconomic status of young male veterans, 1964-1984. Social Science Quarterly 1992; 73(2):32-41.
18
Shen Y, Hendricks A, Wang F, Gardner J, Kazis LE. The impact of private insurance coverage on Veterans' use of VA care: insurance and selection effects. Health services research. 2008; 43(1):267-86.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nurses’ Competency in Clinical Settings and its Related Factors
Background and Objectives: Competency results in provision of patient-centered care and safety, eventually promoting the quality of care. This study aimed to determine nurses’ competency in clinical settings and its related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on 500 nurses of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences selected through stratified random sampling. The data were collected using the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses. Then, the data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical software, version 16. Results: The nurses’ mean score of competency was 164.42+36.03. Moreover, 268 nurses (65%) had high levels of competency. The results also showed a significant relationship between nurses’ competency and age, work setting, years of nursing experience, employment status, membership in the organization of nursing, universities in which the nurses were educated, and interest in the nursing field. Conclusion: The results indicated the nurses’ high competency levels in clinical settings. Additionally, formally employed nurses and those who were members of professional organizations showed higher competency levels. The nurses who were educated in state and high-level universities also reported higher levels of competency. Therefore, considering these related factors can improve nurses’ competency. Yet, further studies are required to determine nurses’ competency process.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_43938_b737ecfef2100cdd9b8731842353dbd4.pdf
2016-12-21
11
20
Competency
Nurses
Hospitals
S
Soudagar
1
AUTHOR
M
Rambod
ghodsbin93@gmail.com
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
Liu M, Yin L, Ma E, Lo S, Zeng L. Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses in Macao: instrument validation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2009; 65(4): 893–900.
1
2- Brunt B A. Identifying performance criteria for staff development competences. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development 2002; 18: 314–321.
2
3- Nicholson P, Griffin P, Gillis S, Wu M, Dunning T. Measuring nursing competencies in the operating theatre: Instrument development and psychometric analysis using Item Response Theory. Nurse Education Today 2012; 33(9): 1088-93.
3
4- Mahmoudirad G, Ahmadi F, Vanaki Z, Hajizadeh E. The effect of “Expectation based managerial competency acquisition in nursing model” on nursing staff empowerment and efficacy of leadership style. J Birjand Univ Med Sci 2010; 17 (2):127-135. (Persian)
4
5- Nkosi ZZ, Uys LR. A comparative study of professional competence of nurses who have completed different bridging programmes. Curationis 2005; 28(1): 6-12.
5
6- Safadi R, Jaradeh M, Bandak A, Froelicher E. Competence assessment of nursing graduates of Jordanian universities. Nursing and Health Sciences 2010; 12: 147–154.
6
7- Benner P. Issues in competency-based testing. Nursing Outlook 1982; 30: 303–309.
7
8- Girot E. Assessment of competence in clinical practice- A review of the literature. Nurse Education Today 1993; 13(2): 83–90.
8
9- Hsieh S, Hsu L. An outcome-based evaluation of nursing competency of baccalaureate senior nursing students in Taiwan. Nurse Education Today 2013; 33(12): 1536-45.
9
10- Liu M, Kunaiktikul W, Senaratan W, Tonmukayakul O and Erikson L. Development of competency inventory for registered nurses in the People’s Republic of China: scale development. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2007; 44: 805–813.
10
11- Memarian R. Designing and evaluating of clinical competency model in nursing. [Dissertation]. Iran. Tehran: Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University; 2006. (Persian)
11
12- Chang MJ, Chang Y, Kuo S, Yang Y and Chou F. Relationships between critical thinking ability and nursing competence in clinical nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2011; 20:3224–3232.
12
13- Pai YC, Hsu NL, Wang P. Relationships of self-assessed nursing competencies and individual characteristics in a medical center. The Journal of Nursing Research 1999; 7: 209–220.
13
14- Salonen AH, Kaunonen M, Meretoja R & Tarkka M-T. Competence profiles of recently registered nurses working in intensive and emergency settings. Journal of Nursing Management 2007; 15: 792–800.
14
15- Barrett C, Myrick F. Job satisfaction in preceptorship and its effect on the clinical performance of the preceptee. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1998; 27: 364–371.
15
16- Soudagar S, Rambod M, Beheshtipoor N. Intention to stay at nursing profession and its related factors. Sadra Med Sci J 2014; 2(2): 135-144. (Persian)
16
17- Ghasemi E, Janani L, Dehghan Nayeri N, Negarandeh R. Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse (CIRN). Iran Journal of Nursing 2014; 27(87): 1-13. (Persian)
17
18- Hsu NL, Lin PC, Hsu MY & Yang KP. A comparative study of nursing competence and related factors for pre and post implementing clinical ladder systems. Journal of Tzu Chi Nursing 2002; 1: 76–85.
18
19- Pitayavatanachai T. Factors influencing competencies of professional nurses in a university hospital (master’s thesis). Chiang Mai, Thailand: Khon Kaen University; 2005.
19
20- Ying L, Kunaviktikul W, Tonmukayakal O. Nursing competency and organizational climate as perceived by staff nurses in a Chinese university hospital. Nursing and Health Sciences 2007; 9: 221–227
20
21- Meretoja R, Leino-Kilpi H, Anna-Maija K. Comparison of nurse competency in different hospital work environments. J Nurs Manage 2004; 12: 329–336
21
22- Estabrooks CA, Tourangeau AE, Humphrey CK, Hesketh KL, Giovannetti P, Thomson D. Measuring the hospital practice environment: a Canadian context. Res. Nurs. Health 2002; 25: 256–268.
22
23- Hunter JE, Schmidt FL, Judiesch MK. Individual difference in output variability as a function of complexity. J Appl Psychol 1990; 75:28–42.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Combined Training of Coping Skills and Painting on Multidimensional Health Locus of Control among Orphan Adolescent
Background and Objectives: Coping skill is defined as the ability to understand and control one’s emotions and characteristics and is the foundation of emotional management. Various studies have indicated the effect of painting on increasing coping skills. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of training coping skills together with painting on multidimensional health locus of control among orphan adolescents. Methods: This semi-experimental randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 orphan adolescents within the age range of 12 to 18 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group received training about coping skills and painting. The data were collected using coping skills questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), Internal Health Locus of Control (IHLC), Powerful others Health Locus of Control (PHLC), and Chance Health Locus of Control (CHLC) scales with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85. Data collection was performed one and six weeks after the intervention. Then, the data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 19. Results: After the intervention, the scores of coping skills (34.55+2.04) and IHLC scale significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, the scores of PHLC scale (42.05±6.25) and CHLC scale (39.66±8.17) significantly decreased in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that training of coping skills along with painting was effective in promotion of the adolescents’ internal health locus of control.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_43939_46f6f2bcf745444c295a59855d46f7bf.pdf
2016-12-21
21
34
Coping skill
Multidimensional health locus of control
Painting
Adolescent
L
Ghahremani
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
F
Hatami
2
AUTHOR
M H
Kaveh
3
AUTHOR
S
Keshavarzi
4
AUTHOR
1. Moshki M. Using the preceed-proceed model in the combination with health locus of control for mental of university student. Dissertation presented for the PhD degree in health education. September 2007.
1
2. Zarabi R, Rahmatnejad L, Bastani F. Health locus of control in diabetes pregnant woman. Oromeye University of Medical Sciences Nursing and Midwifery Faculty Journal 2011; 10(1): 72-82. [Persian]
2
3. Malcame V, Drahota A, Hamilton N. Children health related locus of control belief: Ethnicity, gender, and family income. Child Health Care 2005; 34(1): 47-59.
3
4. Sperling MR. Schilling CA. Glosser D, Tracy J I, Asadi-Pooya AA. Self-perception of seizure precipitants and their relation to anxiety level, depression, and health locus of control in epilepsy. Seizure. 2008; 17(4): 302-307.
4
5. Stabelton P, Hayley S. Health locus of control self-awareness and integrative eating styles in university students. International Journal of Healing and Caring 2013; 13(2): 1-24.
5
6. Laffrey SC, Isenberg M. The relationship of internal locus of control, value placed on health, perceived importance of exercise, and participation in physical activity during leisure. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2003; (5): 409-453.
6
7. Shaabanibahar G, Eyafani A, Gharghli S. The relationship between public health locus of control athletes and non-athletes. Journal Athlete Management 2010; (7):43-59. [Persian]
7
8. Davare A, Tafakori M, Kazemi F. Self_Awareness Skills. Behvarz Quarterly 2006; 17(3): 26-37. [Persian]
8
9. Mohammadiarya A, Sarabi SD, Shirazi M, Lachinani F, Roustaei A, Abbasi Z, et al. The effect of training self-awareness and anger management on aggression aevel in Iranian middle school students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2012; 46(1): 987-91.
9
10. Zareaey F, KHakbaz H, Karami H. Communication skills training on self-efficacy in reducing risk behaviors with the opposite sex addict. Quarterly Journal of Research on Addiction 2010; 4(15): 63-9. [Persian]
10
11. Hanem A, Ahmad A, Yoser M. Effect of self-awareness education on the self-efficacy and sociotropy–autonomy characteristics of nurses in a psychiatry clinic. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2011; 8(2): 148-56.
11
12. Dombrowsky H. The effect of self-awareness on one’s emotional state. Vault Hanoveredu; 2012. http://vault.hanover.edu/~altermattw/courses/344/papers/2012/Dombrowsky.
12
13. Abasi T, Fani AA. The relationship between self-awareness and understanding, interpersonal skills and knowledge of career management and environmental management ineducation. Quarterly Special Issue of Management 2006; 1(1): 101. [Persian]
13
14. Tajrishi MP, Abkenar SJ, Ashoori M. The Effectiveness of life skills training on the social self-competency in boy students with dyscalculia. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2013; 5(2): 18.
14
15. Kordnoghabi R, Pashasharefi H. Developing life skills curriculum for students in secondary education. Quarterly of Educational Innovation 2005; 4(12): 12-34. [Persian]
15
16. Fathivajargah K, Arefi M, Esfandyari T. Developing life skills curriculum for adults. Quarterly of Teaching and Education 2014; 70-11. [Persian]
16
17. Pakdamansavoji A, Gangi K, Ahmadzadeh M. The impact of life skills training on students' academic achievement motivation. Quarterly of Research- Sciences social welfare 2001; 17(47): 245-65. [Persian]
17
18. Penelope PD. Art therapy with children after a disaster: A content analysis. The Art in Psychotherapy 2007; 34: 350-61.
18
19. Karami J, Alikhani M, Zakiei A, Khodadadi K. The effectiveness of art therapy (painting) in reducing the aggressive behavior of students with dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities 2012; 1(3): 105-17. [Persian]
19
20. Kathleen M. Outcome-based evaluation of a social skills program using art therapy and group therapy for children on the autism spectrum. Journal of Children & Schools 2008; 30(2):27-36.
20
21. Franklin M. Art therapy and self-esteem. Journal of the American Art Therapy Association. 1992; 9(2): 78-84.
21
22. Nazemi Z, Hojatkhah M. Effectiveness painting on adolescent emotional intelligence. International Congress on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2013.
22
23. Zadehmohamadi A, Malekkhosravi G, Sadralsadat J, Berashek B. Effect of active music therapy on reducing behavioral and emotional disorders of orphans children’s. Journal of psychologe. 2006; 10(2):223-31. [Persian]
23
24. Hajamini Z, Ajalli A, fathiashtiani A, Dibaei M, Delkhosh M. The effect of life skills training on emotional reactions in adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2008; 2(3):263-70. [Persian]
24
25. Mohamadi M, SHeghaghi F, Zarea H. The impact of life skills education on students' academic motivation knowledge and attitudes towards drug use and self-esteem. Peek Noor. 2008; 8(1):67-83. [Persian]
25
26. Baghkheirati AJ, Ghahremani L, Keshavarzi S, Kaveh4 MH. The effect of optimism training through educational movies on the students’ social competence. Journal of Health Education & Promotion, School of Health 2014; 2(1):57-64. [Persian]
26
27. Vanderzanden JW. Developmental psychologe in: Merhashemi M, editor. Developmental Psychologe Tehran: Beasat Publishers. 2004; 214-39.
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28. Khodadadi M, Soltaninad A, Fekri S. Life skills. Azmonyare Pooya; 2003: 1-13.
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29. Wallston. Multidimentional health locus of control scales. Translated by Ghorbani Z. Azmonyar Poya Organization. Azmonyar Poya Organization 2012; 1(1): 1-7.
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30. Saffari M, Shojaizaseh D, Ghofranipour F, Hidadnia A, Pakpor A. Health education & promotion theories, models & methods.Tehran; Sobhan. First Edition; 2009; Page: 22-111.
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31. Zahrakar K, Rezazadeh A, Ahghar G. Communication problem solving skills training on self-efficacy Rasht city adolescent girls. 2010; 5(3): 50-133. [Persian]
31
32. Jalali D, Nazari A. Effects of social learning model training on self-esteem, self- confidence, self-assertiveness and academic achievement in third grade students of intermediary schools. Journal of Research in Behavioural Science 2009; 7(1): 43-53. [Persian]
32
33. KHarazi A, Eajeai J, Tabatabai MG, Karshaki H. The relationship between development object, self-efficacy and ultra-cognition guideline; examination of causality pattern. Journal of Psychology & Education. 2008; 38(3): 69-87. [Persian]
33
34. Masoodneia E. General self-efficacy and social phobia: Evaluation of Bandura's social cognitive model. Psychological Studies Faculty of Education and Psychology،Al-Zahra University. 2009; 4(3): 116-27. [Persian]
34
35. Bandora A. Negative self-efficacy and goal revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology 2003; 88(1): 78-89.
35
36. Najafi M, Poladchang M. The relationship between self-efficacy and mental health in relation in for students in secondary education. Quarterly of Research- Sciences of Shahed University. 2009; 22(14): 22-82. [Persian]
36
38. Bastani F, Heedarneia A, Vafayi M, Kazemnejad A, Kashaniyan M. The impact of tension detergent training on the stand of self-efficacy theory in pregnant woman. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and clinical Psychology 2006; 12(2):109-116. [Persian]
37
39. Askari E. The relationship between self-awareness training on self-efficacy for 15-16 age students in Alame Helli Molard city. http://wwwkiauacir; 2012.
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40. Moradpoor J, Miri M, Aliabadi S, Poorsadegh A. Effectiveness of training self-awareness and assertiveness skills on self-esteem and compatibility of mothers of mentally retarded children. Modern Care, Scientific Quarterly of Birjand Nursing and Midwifery Faculty Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 10(1): 43-52. [Persian]
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41. Ghaffari M, Ahadi H. A consideration of emotional self-awareness and impulse control effect on decrease of social withdrawal and on decrease of social withdrawal and compulsion use of internet. Psychological Studies Faculty of Education and Psychology، Al-Zahra University.2007; 3(2):91 – 107, [persian].
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42. khadivi R, Moezi M, SHakeri M, Tagheborjeian M. The impact of life skills training in the field of suicide attempts prevention in women Ardal city. Eelam University of Medical Sciences Journal 2005; 13(1):13-9. [Persian]
41
43. Taumoepeau M, Reese E. Understanding the self through siblings: self-awareness mediates the sibling effect on social understanding. Social Development 2014; 23(1): 1-18.
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44. Ross J, Anderson JR, Campbell RN. Situational changes in self-awareness influence 3- and 4-year-olds' self-regulation. J Exp Child Psychol 2011; 108(1): 126-38.
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45. Molnar LJ, Eby DW, Kartje PS, St Louis RM. Increasing self-awareness among older drivers: the role of self-screening. J Safety Res 2010; 41(4):367-73.
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46. Zadehmohamadi A, Abedi A, KHanjani M. Improving the self-esteem and self-efficacy among juveniles. Iranian Psychologists Quarterly 2008; 4(15): 45-52. [Persian]
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Temperament of Infants with and without Feeding Problems
Background and Objectives: Considering the high prevalence and negative consequences of infant feeding problems, there is an urgent need to identify the causative factors. The present study aimed to compare temperament of infants with and without feeding problems according to their mothers’ reports. Methods: This casual-comparative study was conducted on 50 mother-infant dyads selected using convenient sampling. The infants’ ages ranged from 6 to 12 months. After matching with respect to age, sex, birth order, and maternal age and education level, the infants were classified into two groups of with and without feeding problems according to their mothers’ reports. The data were collected using Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R), which was completed by the mothers. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: The results showed that the infants with feeding problems had higher fear (F=5.7, P=0.02) and sadness (F=5.8, P=0.02) compared to those without feeding problems. The infants with feeding problems also demonstrated more distress to limitations (F=5.5, P=0.02) and negative affectivity (F=8.01, P=0.007). On the other hand, the infants without feeding problems gained higher scores in high intensity pleasure subscale (F=4. 1, P=0.04). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a significant difference between the infants with and without feeding problems regarding their temperament. This could be considered by specialists in preventive and therapeutic programs for eating problems in infants.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_43940_057457e09c5b05bd9f1397930703189a.pdf
2016-12-21
35
44
Feeding
Infant
Mother
Temperament
R
Nasirzadeh
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
M A
Mazaheri
2
AUTHOR
Chatoor I. Feeding and eating disorders of infancy and early childhood In: Wiener JM, Dulcan MK, (editors). Textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.2004: 639-57.
1
Navabakhsh M, Mosanna A. An introductory evaluation of nutritional changes in the present societies. Iranian Journal of Food Technology & Nutrition 2012; 9(1): 33-48. (Persian)
2
Kelmanson I. Temperament and sleep characteristics in two-month-old infants.
3
Sleep and Hypnosis 2004; 6: 78–84. Available from: URL: http://www.sleepandhypnosis.org
4
Faith MS, Hittner JB. Infant temperament and eating style predict change in
5
standardized weight status and obesity risk at 6 years of age. Int J Obes 2010; 34: 1515–1523.
6
Rothbart, M K, Derryberry D. Development of individual differences in temperament. In: Lamb M E, Brown LA (editors). Advances in developmental psychology
7
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1981: 37–86.
8
Rothbart MK, Bates JE. Temperament. In: Damon W, Lerner RM, Eisenberg N (editors). Handbook of child psychology Hoboken, NJ: John
9
Wiley & Sons Inc; 2006: 99–166.
10
Feldman R., Keren M, Gross-Rozval O, Tyano S. Mother–child touch patterns
11
in infant feeding disorders: Relation to maternal, child, and environmental factors.
12
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 43: 1089–1097.
13
Galler, J R, Harrison R H, Ramsey F, Butler S, Forde V. Postpartum maternal mood, feeding practices, and infant temperament in Barbados. Infant Behav Dev 2004; 27: 267–287.
14
Wells J C K, Stanley M, Laidlaw A S, Day J M E, Stafford M, Davies P S. Investigation of the relationship between infant temperament and later body composition. Int J Obes1997; 21: 400–406.
15
Thomas A, Chess S. Temperament and development. New York, NY: New York University Press; 1977.
16
Vollrath ME, Tonstad S, Rothbart M K, Hampson S E. Infant temperament is associated with potentially obesogenic diet at 18 months. Int J Pediatr Obes 2011; 6: 408–414.
17
Llewellyn, C H, Van Jaarsveld C H, Johnson L, Carnell S, Wardle J. Nature and nurture in infant appetite: Analysis of the Gemini twin birth cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 1172–1179.
18
Coulthard H, Blissett J, Harris G. The relationship between parental eating problems and children's feeding behavior: a selective review of the literature. Eat Behav 2004; 5(2): 103-15.
19
McDermott BM, Mamun AA, Najman JM, Williams GM, O'Callaghan MJ, Bor W. Longitudinal correlates of the persistence of irregular eating from age 5 to 14 years. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99(1): 68-71.
20
Nicklaus S, Boggio V, Chabanet C, Issanchou S. A prospective study of food variety seeking in childhood, adolescence and early adult life. Appetite 2005; 44(3): 289-297.
21
Khatoon T, Mollah AH, Choudhury AM, Islam M, Rahman KM. Association between infant and child-feeding index and nutritional status: results from a cross-sectional study among children attending an urban hospital in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2011; 29(4): 349-356.
22
Wright C, Parkinson K, Drewett RF. The influence of maternal socioeconomic and emotional factors on infant weight gain and weight faltering (failure to thrive): data from a prospective birth cohort. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91(4): 312-7.
23
Micali N, Simonoff E, Treasure J. Infant feeding and weight in the first year of life in babies of women with eating disorders. J Pediatr 2009; 154(1): 55-60.
24
Ong KK, Emmett PM, Noble S, Ness A, Dunger DB. Dietary energy intake at the age of 4 months predicts postnatal weight gain and childhood body mass index. Pediatrics 2006; 117(3): 503-508.
25
Hagekull B, & Dahl M. Infants with and without feeding difficulties. Maternal experiences. Int J Eat Disord 1987; 6: 83–98.
26
Skuse D, Pickles A, Wolke D, Reilly S. Postnatal growth and mental development: evidence for a "sensitive period". J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1994; 35(3): 521-45.
27
Rothbart M K, Gartstein M A. Studying infant temperament Via the revised infant behavior questionnaire. Infant Behav Dev 2003; 26(1): 64-86. P:24.
28
Robertson J, Gartstein M A, Crawford J, Robertson CD. Early markers of language and attention: Mutual contributions and the impact of parent-Infant interactions. Child Psych Humn Develop 2008; 39(1): 9-26.
29
Gartstein MA, Potapova NV, Hsu AJ. Infant temperament: implications for later sleep and eating/feedingJ Reprod Infant Psychol 2014;32(2): 185-198,
30
Hagekull B, Bohlin, G, Rydell A. M. Maternal sensitivity, infant temperament, and the development of early feeding problems. Infant Ment Health J 1997; 18, 92–106.
31
West AE, Newman D L, Worried and blue: Mild parental anxiety and depression in relation to the development of young children’s temperament and behavior problems. Parent Sci Pract 2003;3(2):133–154.
32
Klein M. The psychoanalytic play technique. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1995; 25(2): 223-237.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Aerobic Exercises and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Supplements on Glycemic Indexes and Insulin Resistant in Males with Type 2 Diabetes
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is considered to be one of the health problems in all societies. Exercise training and supplements are approaches for improving diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training with and without 25-hydroxy vitamin D supplementation on fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, and insulin resistance. Methods: This semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design was conducted on 48 men aging 40 to 60 years with type 2 diabetes admitted to Jesus, son of Mary Hospital in Isfahan. Volunteers were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into four groups as follows: aerobic exercise group (n=12), aerobic exercise with 25-hydroxy vitamin D supplementation group (n=12), 25-hydroxy vitamin D supplementation group (n=12), and control group (n=12). The aerobic exercise program was performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions a week, each session lasting for 60-75 minutes, with the intensity of 60-80% of maximum heart rate). The supplement groups also received 50000 units of oral vitamin D weekly for 8 weeks. Fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, and insulin resistance were measured in the 4 groups before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA and LSD post-hoc test. Results: The findings showed a significant difference among the four groups regarding the mean of fasting blood sugar, serum insulin, and insulin resistance (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that vitamin D supplementation combined with aerobic exercises improved fasting blood sugar, plasma insulin level, and insulin resistance. Thus, aerobic training together with the use of vitamin D supplements can be considered as a complementary therapy in improvement of diabetes.
https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_43941_640843f18aecf8e26c7112e02102fbd4.pdf
2016-12-21
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diabetes mellitus
Aerobic exercises
Vitamin D
Insulin Resistance
N
Rahimi
1
AUTHOR
M A
amavati Sharif
2
LEAD_AUTHOR
A R
Goharian
3
AUTHOR
A
Heidarian Pour
4
AUTHOR
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