نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی کودک و نوجوان، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد تمام روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

10.30476/smsj.2023.97621.1387

چکیده

مقدمه: ناکارآمدی نظام دوپامینرژیک با نشانه‌های گوناگون از قبیل ترجیح دادن پاداش‌های فوری و خطرپذیری، نقص در مدیریت زمان و بازداری رفتار، نقص توجه و کاهش ارزش تأخیری پاداش مرتبط است. هدف پژوهش حاضر پیش‌بینی نارسایی توجه، خطرپذیری، کاهش ارزش تأخیر پاداش بر اساس نقایص انگیزشی و نقص در ادراک زمان در کودکان با نشانه‌های اختلال نقص توجه یا بیش فعالی (ADHD) بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: روش پژوهش حاضر با توجه به هدف، از نوع بنیادی و با توجه به شیوه جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل تمام کودکان با نشانه‌های اختلال ADHD در بازه سنی 7 تا 12 سال در شهر ارومیه در سال 1400 بود. از جامعه مورد مطالعه تعداد ۲۰۰ نفر به روش غیر تصادفی و در دسترس از کلینک‌های روانشناسی و مراکز مربوطه انتخاب شد و پس از کسب رضایت کودک و والدین وی به‌عنوان نمونه نهایی ثبت شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های پژوهش حاضر از تکلیف کاهش ارزش تأخیری، تکلیف خطرپذیری بادکنکی، مقیاس خودسنجی برانگیختگی، آزمون بازتولید زمانی و عملکرد پیوسته سنجش توجه استفاده شد. همچنین برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش حاضر از روش تحلیل ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار 23 SPSS استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که نقایص انگیزشی و نقص در ادراک زمان در سطح 0/001=P نارسایی توجه، خطرپذیری و کاهش ارزش تأخیری در کودکان با نشانه‌های ADHD را پیش‌بینی می‌کند.
نتیجه گیری: نتیجه اینکه نارسایی در توجه، خطرپذیری و نیز کاهش ارزش تأخیری در کودکان ADHD پاسخی به نقص در انگیزش و نقص در ادراک زمان است.

تازه های تحقیق

Sana Asem (Google Scholar)

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prediction of Attention-deficit, Risk-taking, and Decreased Delay Discounting Based on Motivational Deficits and Impaired Time Perception in Children with Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sana Asem 1
  • Zeynab Khanjani 2

1 Master of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system is associated with various symptoms, including a preference for immediate rewards and risk-taking, deficits in time management and behavioral inhibition, attention deficits, and reduced value of delayed reward. The present study aimed to predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and decrease in reward delay value based on motivational deficits and deficits in time perception in children with symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Methods: According to the research objective, the current study employed a fundamental approach, while the data collection method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population comprised all children between the ages of 7 and 12 with symptoms of ADHD in Urmia City in 2022. 200 individuals were selected from the population using a non-random and convenience sampling method from psychological clinics and relevant centers. Once the consent of the children and their parents was obtained, they were included as the final sample. For data collection, the delayed discounting task, the balloon analog risk task, the how I feel scale, the time reproduction test, and the continuous performance of attention measurement were utilized. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that motivational deficits and deficits in time perception at the level of P=0.001 predict attention deficit, risk-taking, and delay impairment in children with ADHD symptoms.
Conclusion: The results indicate that deficits in attention, risk-taking behavior, and reduction in delay value among children with ADHD are attributed to deficits in motivation and time perception.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arousal
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
  • Time Perception
  • Risk-taking
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