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مرور نظام‌مند تجربه‌های موفق کشورها در تقویت مراقبت‌های بهداشتی اولیه در شرایط بحرانی: ارائه‌ی الگوی کاربردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی خمین، خمین، ایران

2 دانشجوی داروسازی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک، اراک، ایران

4 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران

5 دانشجوی داروسازی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

6 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.30476/smsj.2024.100355.1451

چکیده

مقدمه: نظام‌های سلامت در مواجهه با همه‌گیری‌ها تجربه‌های ارزنده‌ای را به‌ دست آورده‌اند. مطالعه‌ی حاضر با بررسی تجربه‌های موفق کشورها، الگویی را برای ارائه‌ی پاسخ هماهنگ به همه‌گیری‌ها از سوی عملگران مختلف نظام مراقبت‌های بهداشتی اولیه ارائه می‌دهد. 
مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی مروری نظام‌مند، 38 مقاله از پایگاه‌های مگیران، جهاد دانشگاهی، PubMed، Scopus، Web of Science و Google Scholar پس از اعمال استراتژی جست‌وجو، معیارهای ورود و خروج، در بازه‌ی زمانی 2005 تا 2022 و ارزیابی کیفیت با چک‌لیست استروب به دست آمد. مقاله‌ها از نظر عنوان، چکیده و متن ارزیابی شده و پس از حذف مقاله‌های تکراری و نامرتبط، مقالات نهایی انتخاب گردیدند.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه، نظام PHC کشور به‌مثابه‌ یک درخت تناور فرض شده است که برای تقویت ریشه‌های آن لازم است، 25 عامل زمینه‌ای از حوزه‌های مختلف با هم کار کنند. به‌منظور عملکرد مناسب این عوامل، لازم است سه حوزه‌ی سیاست‌گذاران نظام سلامت، کارکنان مراقبت‌های بهداشتی اولیه و جامعه، در یک برنامه‌ی هماهنگ و هم‌افزا اقدام‌های لازم را در فازهای چهارگانه‌ی مدیریت بحران شامل پیشگیری، آمادگی، پاسخ و ریکاوری انجام دهند.
نتیجه‌گیری: تقویت نظام مراقبت‌های بهداشتی اولیه در زمینه‌های پیشگیری، غربالگری، آزمایش و درمان بیماران سرپایی و به‌تحرک‌درآوردن جامعه برای مراقبت از خویش، موفق‌ترین تجربه در مواجهه با اپیدمی‌ها در مقایسه با درمان بیماران در بیمارستان‌ها و صرف هزینه‌های هنگفت مالی و جانی است. 

تازه های تحقیق

Saeed Amini (Google Scholar)

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Review of Successful Experiences of Countries in Strengthening Primary Health Care in Critical Situations: Presenting a Practical Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Amini 1
  • Zahra Bayyat 2
  • Fatemeh Abbasi Fijani 3
  • Keyvan Nikkhah Bahrami 4
  • Mohammad Shams 5
  • Mina Rezaei 6

1 Department of Health Services Management, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran

2 Student Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

3 Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

4 Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

5 Student Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

6 Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Health systems have obtained valuable experience in dealing with various epidemics. The present study, by systematically reviewing the successful experiences of countries, presents a model for a coordinated response to pandemics by various actors in the primary healthcare system. 
Methods: Thirty-eight articles were obtained from Magiran, SID, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases after applying the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, time-bound of 2005 to 2022, and quality assessment by Strobe checklist. The articles were assessed in terms of title, abstract, and text, and after removing duplicate and irrelevant ones, the final articles were selected.
Results: This study assumed the PHC system as a leafy tree, which requires 25 background factors to strengthen its roots. Three groups of health policymakers, healthcare providers, and society must carry out the necessary measures in a coordinated and synergistic program in the four phases of crisis management, including prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.
Conclusion: Strengthening PHC in prevention, screening, testing, and outpatient treatment and mobilizing the community to take care of itself are the most successful experiences dealing with epidemics compared to treating patients in hospitals and spending significant financial and life costs. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Epidemics
  • Stakeholder Participation
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Primary Health Care
  • Hospital Medicine
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مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
دوره 12، شماره 1
دی 1402
صفحه 123-142
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هم رسانی
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