نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

چکیده

مقدمه: استرس شغلی یکی از مشکل­زاترین اختلالاتی است که پرستاران در محیط­های بیمارستانی با آن درگیر هستند و با توجه به نقش طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در استرس شغلی و با توجه به اینکه طرحواره­ها هنگامی که فعال می‌شوند، سطوحی از هیجان منتشر می‌شود و مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم منجر به اشکال مختلفی از آشفتگی­های روان­شناختی نظیر افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس­ها می‌شوند. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر اثربخشی گروه درمانی شناختی طرحواره ­محور بر کاهش استرس شغلی پرستاران بود.مواد و روش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع طرح­های نیمه­تجربی بود که از طرح پیش­آزمون-پس­آزمون با گروه کنترل استفاده شد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه پرستاران شهر قم در سال 93 بودند. 32 پرستار به شیوه­ نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده در یک گروه مداخله (16نفر) و یک گروه کنترل (16نفر) قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایشی به مدت نه هفته، هفته­ای یک جلسه برنامه آموزش تکنیک‌های شناختی طرحواره‌درمانی دریافت نمودند. ابزار جمع­آوری داده­ها پرسشنامه استرس شغلی دیویس، رابینز و مک­کی (1991) بود. داده­ها با تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 20 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که بعد از اجرای گروه درمانی شناختی طرحواره ­محور میزان علائم استرس شغلی و منابع استرس شغلی در گروه مداخله و کنترل تفاوت معنی‌داری داشت و علائم و منابع استرس شغلی گروه آزمایشی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت (0001/0=P).بحث و نتیجه­گیری: پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که آموزش گروه درمانی شناختی طرحواره ­محور در کاهش و بهبود علائم و منابع استرس شغلی مؤثر بود. بنابراین بهره­گیری از این روش درمانی در پرستارانی که استرس شغلی دارند، توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Schema in Reducing Job Stress among Nurses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahangir Karami
  • Yousef Aazami
  • Mohammad Jalalvand
  • Afsaneh Darabi
  • Nahid Rastgo

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Job stress is one of the most problematic diseases affecting nurses in hospital environments. Early maladaptive schemas play a role in job stress. Besides, when schemes are activated, levels of excitement are published, leading directly or indirectly to various forms of psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of schema-based cognitive therapy in reducing job stress among nurses.
Methods: This semi-experimental controlled study with pretest-posttest design was performed on nurses in Qom in 2015. Totally, 32 nurses were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into an intervention (n=16) and a control group (n=16). The intervention group received weekly sessions of cognitive schema techniques for nine weeks. The data were collected using occupational stress questionnaire developed by Davis, Robbins, and MacKay (1991). Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 20 and were analyzed using MANCOVA.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding job stress symptoms and resources after the schema-based cognitive group therapy. Accordingly, symptoms and resources of job stress significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: This study showed that schema-based cognitive group therapy was effective in improving the symptoms and resources of job stress. Thus, this therapeutic method is recommended to be used in nurses with job stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cognitive group therapy
  • Schema therapy
  • Job stress
  • Nurses
1. Solovieva S, Pensola T, Kausto J, Shiri R, Heliövaara M, Burdorf, A, et al. Evaluation of the validity of job exposure matrix for psychosocial factors at work. Plos One 2014; 9(9):108987.
2. Hosseini SM, Fathi Ashtiani A. Examine the relationship between marital satisfaction and duration of marriage among scholars, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute. Psychology and Religion 2010; 3(4): 127-145. (Persian)
3. Seiffge-Krenke I. Stress, coping, and relationships in adolescence. Psychology Press; 2013.
4. Van der Klink JJ, Blonk RW, Schene AH, Van Dijk FJ. The benefits of interventions for work-related stress. American Journal of Public Health 2001; 91(2): 270.
5. Rezaei SH, Hosseini MA, Falahi M. Effect of communication skills teaching in job stress level among nurses occupying in rehabilitation center. Medical Journal of Tehran 2005; 64(1): 21-26. (Persian)
6. Kabirzadeh A, Mohsenisaravi B, Asghari Z, Bagherianfarahabadi E, Bagerzadehladari R. Rate of general health, job stress and factors in medical records workers. Health Information Management 2008; 4(2): 215-222. (Persian)
7. Letvak S, Buck R. Factors influencing work productivity and intent to stay in nursing. Nursing Economics 2008; 26(3): 159-167.
8. Magnago TSBDS, Lisboa MTL, Griep RH, Kirchhof, ALC, Guido LDA. Psychosocial aspects of work and musculoskeletal disorders in nursing workers. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 2010; 18(3): 429-435.
9. Choobineh A, Ghaem H, Ahmedinejad P. Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Job Content Questionnaire: a study among hospital nurses. Journal East Mediterr Health 2011; 17(4): 335-341. (Persian)
10. Glazer S, Stetz TA, Izso L. Effects of personality on subjective job stress: a cultural analysis. Personality and Individual Differences 2004; 37(3): 645-658.
11. LeSergent CM, Haney CJ. Rural hospital nurse's stressors and coping strategies: a survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2005; 42(3): 315-324.
12. Madu SN, Mamomane J. Stress among nurses in rural hospitals in South Africa. Journal of Social Sciences 2003; 7(3): 209-213.
13. Zaghloul AA. Developing and validating a tool to assess nurse stress. Journal Egypt Publications Health Association 2008; 83(3): 223-237.
14. GholamNejad H, Nikpeyma N. Occupational stressors in nursing. Journal Iranian Occupational Health 2009; 6(1): 22-27. (Persian)
15. Golparvar M, Nayeri S, Mahdad A. Preventing model of job stress, emotional exhaustion and deviant behaviors through management, leadership and ethical values. Journal of Applied Psychology 2010; 4(1): 7-25. (Persian)
16. Faraji O, Valiee S, Moridi G, Ramazani AA, RezaeiFarimani M. Relationship between job characteristic and job stress in nurse of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences educational hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2012; 25(7): 54-63. (Persian)
17. Torshizi L, Ahmadi F. Job stress from clinical nurses perspective. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2011; 24(7): 49-60. (Persian)
18- Epstein DG. Extinguish workplace stress. Nursing management 2010; 41(10): 34-37.
19. Amati M, Tomasetti M, Ciuccarelli M, Mariotti L, Tarquini LM, Bracci M, et al. Relationship of job satisfaction, psychological distress and stress-related biological parameters among healthy nurses: a longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational Health 2010; 52(1): 31-38.
20. Jan LK, Popescu L. Israel's Nursing Students' Stress Sources and Coping Strategies During Their First Clinical Experience in Hospital Wards-A Qualitative Research. Revista de Asistenta Sociala 2014; 4: 163.
21. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of personality 1987; 1(3): 141-169.
22. Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press; 2003.
23. James IA. Schema therapy: the next generation, but should it carry a health warning? Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 2001; 29(4): 401-407.
24. Nordahl HM, Nysæter TE. Schema therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder: a single case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2005; 36(3): 254-264.
25. Bamber MR. CBT for occupational stress in health professionals: Introducing a schema-focused approach. New York: Rutledge; 2006.
26. Azar ST, Nix RL, Makin‐Byrd KN. Parenting schemas and the process of change. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 2005; 31(1): 45-58.
27. Price J. Occupation as re-enactment: Adaptive or maladaptive? CBT for Occupational Stress in Health Professionals: Introducing a Schema-Focused Approach 2006; 203.
28. Bamber M, McMahon R. Danger-Early maladaptive schemas at work: The role of early maladaptive schemas in career choice and the development of occupational stress in health workers. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2008; 15(2): 96-112.
29. Gharedaghi, A. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas Young male staff shifts day and night to catch a career in automated postal center in Tehran in 2009. Faculty of Education and Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, 2009. (Persian)
30. Davis M. Robbins EE. Mackay M. The Relaxation & stress reduction work-book. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications; 1991.
31. Sotodeh A. A study validity and reliability job stress inventory and its resource among organizations personnel of Isfahan city. Thesis MA Isfahan University, 2003. (Persian)
32. Hassani, R. The study of job stress in the event of airline HESA little of its employees in the year 83-84, finished a graduate school of management. Thesis MA Educational Administration, University of Sahid Beheshti; 2005. (Persian)
33. Beck AT, Hollon SD, Young JE, Bedrosian RC, Budenz D. Treatment of depression with cognitive therapy and amitriptyline. Archives of General Psychiatry 1985; 42(2): 142-148.